Com. ex rel. Dadario v. Goldberg

• Decision Date: 19 June 2001
• Citation: 565 Pa. 280,773 A.2d 126
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania ex. rel. James DADARIO, III, Appellant, v. Irwin GOLDBERG, Warden, Delaware County Prison, Appellee.
• Court: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

773 A.2d 126

565 Pa. 280

COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania ex. rel. James DADARIO, III, Appellant, v. Irwin GOLDBERG, Warden, Delaware County Prison, Appellee.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

Submitted December 27, 2000.

Decided June 19, 2001.

Christopher D. Warren, Stephen P. Patrizio, Philadelphia, for appellant.

Patrick Leo Meehan, William R. Toal, Jr., Media, for appellee.

Before FLAHERTY, C.J., and ZAPPALA, CAPPY, CASTILLE, NIGRO, NEWMAN, SAYLOR, JJ.

OPINION

NEWMAN, Justice.

We granted allowance of appeal to determine whether an ineffective assistance of counsel claim that arises out of the plea bargaining process is cognizable under the state habeas corpus statute.¹

On July 16, 1997, authorities arrested James Dadario, III (Appellant) and charged him with rape, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, indecent assault, simple assault and aggravated assault. The Commonwealth subsequently amended the criminal information to add a charge of sexual assault. Prior to trial, the Commonwealth offered Appellant a plea bargain: in exchange for a guilty plea to the sexual assault charge, Appellant would receive a sentence of ten to twenty-three months of incarceration with immediate work release and two years statutory probation. The Commonwealth also agreed to dismiss all remaining charges. After conferring with counsel, Appellant rejected the proposed plea bargain and the case went to trial. On January 9, 1998, a jury convicted Appellant of sexual assault and acquitted him on the remaining charges.

At sentencing, Appellant's counsel admitted that at the time he relayed the Commonwealth's plea offer to Appellant, he mistakenly believed that the sentencing range for sexual assault was four to twelve months of imprisonment. In fact, the sentencing range for sexual assault was thirty-six to fifty-four months' incarceration. On February 9, 1998, the trial court sentenced Appellant to twenty-four to forty-eight months' imprisonment. Appellant filed no post-sentencing motions and no appeal to the Superior Court.

On January 14, 1999, Appellant, represented by new counsel, filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Appellant claimed that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to advise him of the correct sentencing guidelines for sexual assault prior to his rejection of the Commonwealth's plea bargain. The trial court denied Appellant's petition, concluding that the legislature had eliminated collateral review of claims of ineffective assistance of counsel in connection with guilty pleas when it repealed 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(v)² in 1995. The Superior Court affirmed, agreeing with the trial court that the legislature had eliminated collateral review of these claims by repealing 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(v) and that the writ of habeas corpus could not be used to circumvent the restriction of a statutory remedy. We granted review to decide whether Appellant has a claim upon which a writ of habeas corpus may be granted.

We begin our analysis with the repeal of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(v) and its effect on claims of ineffective assistance of counsel arising from the plea-bargaining process. Section 9543(a)(2)(v) of the PCRA entitled a petitioner to relief for any claim of a constitutional violation that would qualify for federal habeas corpus relief. In Commonwealth v. Boyd, 547 Pa. 111, 688 A.2d 1172 (1997), Boyd asserted that his trial counsel was ineffective for advising him to reject a plea offer. Boyd filed a PCRA petition, which the trial court denied. The Superior Court affirmed the denial of PCRA relief on the grounds that Boyd's claim that counsel was ineffective for advising him to reject the plea offer was not cognizable under the PCRA because it did not implicate the truth-determining process, as required by 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii).³ Boyd, 688 A.2d at 1174. We disagreed with the Superior Court that Boyd's claim was not cognizable under the PCRA. Noting that ineffective assistance of counsel claims in connection with plea offers would entitle a claimant to federal habeas corpus relief, we held that Boyd's claim was cognizable under Section 9543(a)(2)(v). Id. at 1175.

In reversing the Superior Court in Boyd, however, we endorsed the Superior Court's view that ineffective assistance of counsel claims that arise from the plea-bargaining process do not implicate the truth-determining process, and therefore do not qualify pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). We stated:

[w]hile the Superior Court correctly recognized that ineffective assistance of counsel claims under PCRA section 9543(a)(2)(ii) require that counsel's conduct undermine the truth-determining process, see Commonwealth v. Buehl, 540 Pa. 493, 505, 658 A.2d 771, 777 (1995),

it failed to consider that ineffective assistance claims that do not implicate the truth-determining process but involve certain constitutional or statutory violations are also cognizable under the PCRA.

Boyd, 688 A.2d at 1174 (footnote omitted).

Since our decision in Boyd, however, this Court has retreated from the view expressed in Commonwealth v. Buehl, relied on by the Boyd court, that Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) of the PCRA places a higher burden on a petitioner to show ineffective assistance of counsel than that required by the Sixth Amendment as defined by Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). In Commonwealth v. Kimball, 555 Pa. 299, 724 A.2d 326 (1999), we disapproved of Buehl and held that Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) does not place a more stringent standard for collateral review of claims of ineffective assistance of counsel than the Sixth Amendment standard applicable to ineffectiveness claims raised on direct appeal. We interpreted the language from Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) requiring proof that counsel's ineffectiveness "so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place" as embodying the prejudice element of the Sixth Amendment standard for ineffectiveness claims articulated in Strickland. Accordingly, we held that the standard of review, pursuant to Section 9543(a)(2)(ii), of an ineffectiveness claim raised in a PCRA petition is the Strickland standard, as followed by this Court in Commonwealth v. Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973 (1987).⁴ See Kimball, 724 A.2d at 333

.

The question implicated in the present case is whether Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) limits the scope of ineffective assistance of counsel claims reviewable in a PCRA proceeding. On previous occasions when this Court considered the scope of Section 9543(a)(2)(ii), we declined to read the language "so undermined the truth determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place" as limiting review of ineffectiveness claims raised in a PCRA petition solely to claims of counsel's errors during trial. In Commonwealth v. Lantzy, 558 Pa. 214, 736 A.2d 564 (1999), we interpreted Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) to apply to claims of ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to file an appeal. In Commonwealth v. Chester, 557 Pa. 358, 733 A.2d 1242 (1999), we permitted a PCRA petitioner in a capital case to challenge counsel's ineffectiveness during the penalty phase of his trial and disagreed with the ruling of the PCRA court that the language of Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) precludes review of such claims. In each case, we refused to read Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) narrowly. We discerned no legislative intent either to prevent a PCRA petitioner from vindicating his or her rights to the effective assistance of counsel during the penalty phase of a capital case, see Chester, 733 A.2d at 1249,

or to deprive a defendant of his or her right under Article V, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution to a direct appeal by denying the defendant the opportunity to challenge counsel's ineffectiveness for failing to file a requested appeal, see Lantzy, 736 A.2d at 572.

Lantzy and Chester continue this movement started by this Court in Kimball towards an interpretation of Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) that permits all constitutionally-cognizable claims of ineffective assistance of counsel to be raised in a PCRA petition. Just as in Kimball, where we found no evidence in the enactment of Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) of a legislative purpose to restrict the standard for review of claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, we similarly see no intent by the legislature to limit the scope of ineffectiveness claims reviewable in PCRA proceedings. We read Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) to encompass all constitutionally-cognizable claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, i.e., all claims that the petitioner was deprived of his or her Sixth Amendment and Article I, Section 9 rights to counsel. We reiterate the position adopted by this Court in Kimball that the language "so undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place" merely represents a statutory adoption of the prejudice standard for Sixth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel claims as developed in Strickland. See Kimball, 724 A.2d at 332

. Therefore, if a petitioner claims that he or she was denied the effective assistance of counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment and Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, Section 9543(a)(2)(ii) of the PCRA allows the petitioner to seek relief.

Although we are satisfied that the language of Section 9543(a)(2)(ii), as we interpreted it in Kimball, supports our conclusion that all constitutionally-cognizable claims of ineffective assistance of counsel may be reviewed in a PCRA petition, we further rely on the reasoning advanced in Lantzy and Chester regarding the undesirability of bifurcated collateral review proceedings. Appellant, relying on Commonwealth v. Peterkin, 554 Pa. 547, 722 A.2d 638 (1999), contends that if the PCRA does not authorize review of his claim of trial counsel's ineffectiveness, then he must be allowed to...