Com. v. Dilone

• Decision Date: 16 February 1982
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Miguel DILONE.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 576

431 N.E.2d 576

385 Mass. 281

COMMONWEALTH v. Miguel DILONE.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Essex.

Argued Nov. 3, 1981.

Decided Feb. 16, 1982.

Michael T. Stella, Jr., North Andover, for defendant.

Dyanne Klein Polatin, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.

Before HENNESSEY, C. J., and WILKINS, LIACOS, NOLAN and LYNCH, JJ. WILKINS, Justice.

The defendant appeals from his conviction of murder in the second degree of Miguel A. Frometa. He raises numerous claims of error and seeks under G.L. c. 278, § 33E, a new trial or, alternatively, that we direct that the degree of guilt be reduced to manslaughter. There are no grounds for reversal of the conviction. The record does not warrant our ordering under § 33E either a new trial or a reduction in the degree of guilt.

Frometa was shot shortly after 5 P.M. on September 22, 1978, in La Bahia Restaurant in Lawrence. There was evidence that earlier in the day the defendant and the victim had had an argument at the restaurant. Thereafter the defendant obtained a shotgun, returned to the restaurant, confronted the victim, and, during a struggle, shot him. The defendant fled and, on January 18, 1979, surrendered at an office of the FBI in San Francisco.

A Massachusetts State police detective lieutenant and a lieutenant in the Lawrence police department interviewed the defendant in San Francisco on January 31, 1979. We summarize a statement the defendant gave to these police officers. The defendant admitted having had an earlier altercation with the victim in the restaurant. He said that he then obtained a shotgun and returned to the restaurant with it. He never saw a gun in the victim's hand. While he was pointing the gun at the victim, the victim jumped at him and the gun went off. The defendant said that after he shot the victim he ran out of the restaurant.

At the trial there was evidence that the defendant shot the victim, not during their struggle, but while the victim was crouched or lying on the floor of the restaurant several feet from the defendant. There was also evidence that one Caba unsuccessfully tried to stop the defendant from using the gun. No weapon was found on or near the victim.

1. The defendant moved to suppress the statement he gave in San Francisco to the two Massachusetts police officers. The defendant argued that he only made this statement because FBI agents had not advised him of his Miranda rights when he turned himself in and, accordingly, he had made incriminating statements to them. He also claimed that the FBI agents assured him that he had nothing to worry about if he told the Massachusetts police what he had told the FBI agents. The judge, in denying the motion to suppress, simply disbelieved the defendant's testimony that the FBI agents had acted improperly. We find no error in that conclusion. Commonwealth v. Moon, --- Mass. ---, --- - ---, Mass.Adv.Sh. (1980) 1337, 1341-1342, 405 N.E.2d 947. The Massachusetts police knew nothing about the nature of any statements made to the FBI agents and gave the defendant appropriate warnings before questioning him. We accept the judge's finding that the defendant understood those warnings and voluntarily waived his rights. There are no circumstances here to warrant suppression of the statement.

2. After trial commenced, the defendant moved to challenge the grand jury proceedings on the ground that the evidence presented to the grand jury was insufficient to justify the indictment. He claimed the evidence submitted to the grand jury was entirely hearsay and conclusions of the investigating officer. He also argued that the presentation prejudiced the grand jury against him. The motion to dismiss was not seasonably filed (see Mass.R.Crim.P. 13 (d)(2)(A), 378 Mass. 871 (1979) ), but in his discretion the judge elected to pass on it.

There was no defect in the grand jury presentation requiring the indictment to be dismissed. A summary of the defendant's statement made in San Francisco was before the jury and, standing alone, it went a long way (perhaps all the way) toward justifying the indictment. Hearsay alone would, in any event, support an indictment. Commonwealth v. St. Pierre, 377 Mass. 650, 655, 387 N.E.2d 1135 (1979). Minor discrepancies, if there were any, between the evidence presented to the grand jury and the evidence presented, or expected to be presented, at trial cannot invalidate the indictment. The claim that the prosecutor and the police investigator who testified deceived the grand jury or gave it "shoddy merchandise" is simply not supported on the record. The integrity of the grand jury proceedings was not impaired. See Commonwealth v. St. Pierre, supra; Commonwealth v. Gibson, 368 Mass. 518, 525, 333 N.E.2d 400 (1975). Contrast Commonwealth v. McCarthy, 385 Mass. 160, 430 N.E.2d 1195 (1982).

3. At the commencement of the second day of trial, before the testimony of the first witness for the prosecution had concluded, the defendant offered to plead guilty to manslaughter. The prosecution agreed to the change of plea. The defendant then testified under oath before the judge. Among other things, he said he did not kill the victim, he did not point the gun at him, and he did not know how the shotgun went off.

Under Mass.R.Crim.P. 12 (a)(2), 378 Mass. 866 (1979), a "judge may refuse to accept a plea of guilty." Massachusetts R.Crim.P. 12 (c)(5)(A), 378 Mass. 866 (1979), provides that a "judge shall not accept a plea of guilty unless he is satisfied that there is a factual basis for the charge. The failure of the defendant to acknowledge all of the elements of the factual basis shall not preclude a judge from accepting a guilty plea." Although there is a constitutional right simultaneously to plead guilty and to protest innocence (North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37, 91 S.Ct. 160, 167, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970) ), there is no constitutional right to have the plea accepted. The matter is wholly discretionary with the judge. Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 262, 92 S.Ct. 495, 499, 30 L.Ed.2d 427 (1971).

There was no abuse of discretion in rejecting the plea. We say this even if, on the record, the judge could have been satisfied that there was a factual basis for the guilty plea. The fact that this judge had a practice of not accepting an Alford plea (a plea of guilty by one maintaining his innocence), while other judges might have accepted such a plea, provides the defendant with no appellate issue.

4. In support of his claim of self-defense, the defendant sought to introduce the testimony of two witnesses relating to the victim's reputation for being quarrelsome and aggressive. The judge excluded the evidence. Where self-defense is raised as an issue, the defendant is entitled to offer evidence tending to show that the victim had a reputation of being violent or quarrelsome if the defendant knew of that reputation. See Commonwealth v. Gibson, 368 Mass. 518, 526, 333 N.E.2d 400 (1975); Commonwealth v. Edmonds, 365 Mass. 496, 502-504, 313 N.E.2d 429 (1974). Here, at the time the evidence was offered, there was no evidence of the essential foundation for admission of the evidence, namely, evidence of the defendant's knowledge of the victim's reputation for being violent or quarrelsome. Commonwealth v. Gibson, supra 368 Mass. at 527, 333 N.E.2d 400. The defendant did not renew his offer of this reputation evidence after he testified that he knew of the victim's reputation for being a quarrelsome and violent person. Nor did he seek to have the witnesses' testimony admitted, in the judge's discretion, subject to being supported by anticipated testimony concerning the defendant's knowledge of that reputation. See Commonwealth v. Pimental, 5 Mass.App. 463, A-469-470, 363 N.E.2d 1343 (1977). There was no error. The judge's charge adequately presented the defendant's knowledge of the victim's reputation to the jury for their consideration. ¹

5. The evidence did not require the judge to grant the defendant's motion for a required finding of not guilty, presented at the close of the Commonwealth's case and renewed at the close of all the evidence. The defendant's statement and the testimony of certain witnesses were sufficient to create a jury question. Indeed, the defendant grants this is so in his brief before us, but he argues that the testimony of certain witnesses was so incredible as to require a finding of not guilty. He argues that this incredible evidence should have been disregarded in its entirety in deciding his motion for a required finding of not guilty. However, the matter of credibility is not for the judge, except perhaps in an extreme situation. Thus, in passing on a motion for a required finding of not guilty, "issues of credibility (are) assumed to be resolved within reason for the Commonwealth." Commonwealth v. Medina, --- Mass. ---, ---, Mass.Adv.Sh. (1980) 1143, 1151, 404 N.E.2d 1228. The evidence made the question of the defendant's guilt appropriately one for the jury. See Commonwealth v. Latimore, 378 Mass. 671, 676, 393 N.E.2d 370 (1979).

6. Evidence that the defendant had spent the balance of one night at the residence of a female defense witness, after other guests had left a party at her residence, justified the prosecutor's argument to the jury that they consider her relationship to the defendant in considering her testimony. See Leone v. Doran, 363 Mass. 1, 18, 292 N.E.2d 19 (1973).

7. The defendant has advanced numerous challenges to aspects of the judge's charge to the jury. We consider first those issues that have been properly preserved for appellate review and turn then to those questions that are before us only for our special consideration under G.L. c. 278, § 33E.

During the judge's charge, a juror...