Com. v. Gomes
Decision Date | 08 March 1995 |
Citation | 419 Mass. 630,646 N.E.2d 1041 |
Parties | COMMONWEALTH v. Domingos GOMES. |
Court | United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court |
Judy Zeprun Kalman, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Com.
Before LIACOS, C.J., and ABRAMS, NOLAN, O'CONNOR & GREANEY, JJ.
A complaint was entered in the Palmer District Court charging the defendant, Domingos Gomes, with assault and battery. The defendant waived his right to a jury trial and was tried before a judge in the Springfield District Court on November 4 and 5, 1992. At issue in this appeal by the Commonwealth 1 is the validity of the trial judge's order continuing the defendant's case without a finding. This order was entered at the request of the defendant, over the objection of the prosecutor, after the judge had already found the defendant guilty of the crime charged. At the conclusion of the closing arguments, the following exchange took place between the court, the prosecutor, and defense counsel: THE JUDGE: THE PROSECUTOR: DEFENSE COUNSEL: "Your Honor I would ask that you continue ... for a period of time ... the Court based on the fact that there is no prior record...." THE JUDGE: "So you're asking me to find facts sufficient?" DEFENSE COUNSEL: "Yes." THE PROSECUTOR: THE JUDGE:
On August 18, 1993, the defendant's case was brought forward, without notice to the Commonwealth, by the probation department and dismissed. 2 The Commonwealth appealed from the order of dismissal. 3 We transferred the case to this court on our own motion.
We agree with the Commonwealth that the judge erred when she revoked her finding of guilty at the suggestion of defense counsel and over the Commonwealth's objection. The question before us is when does a finding of guilty, made by a judge at a jury-waived trial, become final. It appears that this issue has never before been addressed directly in this Commonwealth. However, we have examined precedent which, in addressing situations analogous to the instant case, guides us toward our conclusion that, once declared in open court, the finding is final and irrevocable except through appeal or motion for a new trial. See Forcier v. Hopkins, 329 Mass. 668, 670, 110 N.E.2d 126 (1953); Commonwealth v. Lockwood, 109 Mass. 323, 325 (1872); United States v. Hines, 802 F.Supp. 559, 571 (D.Mass.1992) (). See also Commonwealth v. Powers, 21 Mass.App.Ct. 570, 574, 488 N.E.2d 430 (1986), quoting A Juvenile v. Commonwealth, 392 Mass. 52, 56-57, 465 N.E.2d 240 (1984) (). Cf. Commonwealth v. Green, 302 Mass. 547, 557, 20 N.E.2d 417 (1939).
Standard 8:00 of the Standards of Judicial Practice, Sentencing and Other Dispositions of the District Court Department of the Trial Court (Sept. 1984), addresses the issue of the finality of verdicts. The standard includes the statement: "A finding of guilty cannot be revoked." The Commentary to Standard 8:00 states that: "The judge may revise or revoke the sentence originally imposed, but the finding of guilty must stand."
In Commonwealth v. LeRoy, 376 Mass. 243, 380 N.E.2d 128 (1978), the defendant was convicted by a jury of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. The law provided that on conviction of the offense the defendant's license was to be revoked. In an effort to avoid the loss of his license, the defendant moved for alternative disposition under G.L. c. 90, § 24E, which provided that, if the defendant's case was continued without a finding, he would not automatically lose his license. The defendant's motion was denied by the District Court judge and we affirmed the decision. "The jury verdict of guilty satisfied this definition of 'conviction' and [therefore] required revocation of the defendant's license." Id. at 245, 380 N.E.2d 128. We concluded that "after a jury verdict, trial judges are powerless to alter that verdict except by a motion for a new trial or by a motion for a directed verdict of not guilty." Id. at 247, 380 N.E.2d 128.
We believe our holding in LeRoy should be applied to instances where the defendant has chosen to waive his or her right to a jury trial and has elected a bench trial. In the case at bar, the judge announced her finding of guilty in open court and then moved to the sentencing stage by asking for the prosecution's sentencing recommendation. When the judge declared her finding in open court, absent some indication of mistake or of extraordinary circumstance, 4 see Commonwealth v. Nettis, 418 Mass. 715, 640 N.E.2d 468 (1994), such a finding was the equivalent of a jury's verdict of...
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