Cooks v. Superior Court

• Decision Date: 12 October 1990
• Docket Number: No. B050565,B050565
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: Dolores L. COOKS, Petitioner, v. The SUPERIOR COURT of Los Angeles County, Respondent, Jorge CRUZ, et al., Real Parties in Interest.

Page 113

274 Cal.Rptr. 113

224 Cal.App.3d 723

Dolores L. COOKS, Petitioner, v. The SUPERIOR COURT of Los Angeles County, Respondent Jorge CRUZ, et al., Real Parties in Interest.

No. B050565.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 4, California.

Oct. 12, 1990.

Callahan, McCune & Willis and John J. Tasker, for petitioner.

No appearance for respondent.

Derek L. Tabone for Real Parties in Interest.

OPINION and ORDER GRANTING PEREMPTORY WRIT IN FIRST INSTANCE

THE COURT: ^*

By petition for writ of mandate a defendant in a personal injury action challenges the trial court's order denying a jury trial due to defense counsel's failure to submit proposed jury instructions within the deadline set by the local "fast-track" rules of court. Petitioner asserts, and respondent and real parties do not deny, that this order was imposed as a sanction because of the failure of petitioner's counsel to submit jury instructions within the time specified by these rules.

This court stayed trial and issued notice to the parties that it was considering the issuance of a peremptory writ in the first instance directing respondent, pursuant to section 575.2, subdivision (b) of the Code of Civil Procedure ¹, to reinstate defendant's After considering the plenary opposition filed by real party in interest plaintiff, and the reply filed by petitioner, we conclude that respondent clearly abused its discretion and exceeded its jurisdiction under section 575.2, subdivision (b). We grant the peremptory writ.

jury trial rights and limit imposition of sanctions to defense counsel.

The underlying personal injury action is a "fast-track" case subject to the Los Angeles Superior Court's Trial Court Delay Reduction Rules, promulgated under authority of Government Code section 68612 and Code of Civil Procedure section 575.1.

Rule 1205(e) of the Los Angeles Superior Court fast-track rules requires parties, when a jury trial has been timely requested, to include proposed jury instructions in the Joint Issues Conference Statement. The statement is required to be filed "two court days prior to the Issues Conference."

Rule 1208, entitled "Sanctions." authorizes respondent to impose appropriate sanctions against a party "and/or counsel" for failure to comply with the fast-track rules.

In the underlying action defendant timely requested a jury trial and posted jury fees. However, the parties' respective counsel subsequently failed to include proposed jury instructions in the Joint Issues Conference Statement. At the May 8, 1990 Joint Issues Conference, as a sanction for counsel's omission, respondent sua sponte ordered defendant's jury request stricken and ordered a non-jury trial.

Defendant, on shortened notice, promptly filed a "Motion to Restore Demand for Jury Trial [etc.]," which was in substance a motion for relief from default pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 473. The motion urged that inadvertent omission by counsel was good cause for relief. The record shows defendant was in no way personally responsible for the jury-instruction omission. The motion included the proposed jury instructions, consisting exclusively of standard BAJI jury instructions commonly given in automobile negligence cases.

The motion was denied on May 15 and defendant filed the instant petition for mandate.

Section 575.2, subdivision (b) of the Code of Civil Procedure explicitly provides an exception to the sanctions authorized by section 575.1 for failure to obey local court rules. The exception is stated as follows: "It is the intent of the Legislature that if a failure to comply with these rules is the responsibility of counsel and not the party, any penalty shall be imposed on counsel and shall not adversely affect the party's cause of action or defense thereto."

We construe this language to mean that any sanction imposed shall be only upon counsel, not the innocent party, and that such sanction upon counsel shall not adversely affect the party's cause of action or defense thereto. In view of the manifest protective purpose of the exception, this construction is far more reasonable than an alternative, less protective, reading permitting sanctions against the innocent party so long as they do not adversely affect that innocent party's cause of action or defense thereto. (Accord: State of California ex rel. Public Works Bd. v. Bragg (1986) 183 Cal.App.3d 1018, 1026, 1028-1029, 228 Cal.Rptr. 576, discussing explicit legislative history compelling this construction.)

Cases have held section 575.2, subdivision (b) applicable both to fast-track local rules and other local rules, promulgated pursuant to section 575.1, affecting supervision and management of actions.

The most recent case, Moyal v. Lanphear (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 491, at 502-503, 256 Cal.Rptr. 296, reversed a dismissal sanction imposed against a plaintiff for failure of plaintiff's counsel to timely file a joint-issue memorandum or other paper satisfying the San Diego Superior Court's local fast-track rules. Moyal holds the fast-track rules are subject to the section 575.2, subdivision (b) protective exception. It concludes that the provision was violated by imposition of the dismissal sanction without a prior evidentiary hearing determining that the procedural omission was, in fact Moyal, supra, at 502, 256 Cal.Rptr. 296, follows the earlier holding of Division 3 of this court in State of California ex rel. Public Works Bd. v. Bragg (1986) 183 Cal.App.3d 1018, 1028-1029, 228 Cal.Rptr. 576. Bragg invalidated the imposition of issue sanctions against a party for the failure of counsel to provide opposing parties with a real property appraisal report and expert witness lists within local-rule deadlines. The party was in no manner responsible for the omissions of its counsel. Bragg holds that trial court's have the sua sponte duty to invoke section 575.2, subdivision (b), in the...