Daniel v. State

• Decision Date: 21 February 1979
• Docket Number: No. 56063,No. 3,56063,3
• Citation: 585 S.W.2d 688
• Parties: Douglas DANIEL, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 688

585 S.W.2d 688

Douglas DANIEL, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 56063.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, Panel No. 3.

Feb. 21, 1979.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 19, 1979.

Roy L. Merrill, Jr., Marc H. Richman, Dallas, for appellant.

Henry M. Wade, Dist. Atty., Steve Wilensky and Winfield W. Scott, Asst. Dist. Attys., Dallas, for the State.

Before DALLY, W. C. DAVIS and CLINTON, JJ.

OPINION

CLINTON, Judge.

This is an appeal from a conviction for murder pursuant to V.T.C.A., Penal Code Section 19.02(a)(1). The jury assessed appellant's punishment at twenty years in the Texas Department of Corrections.

Appellant raises twenty-nine grounds of error, among which he asserts the trial court erred in admitting at the penalty phase, over timely objection, indicia of a 1972 Louisiana conviction as "evidence of (his) prior criminal record" ¹ when there was no independent identification of appellant as the person convicted in Louisiana.

At the punishment phase, the State was prepared to offer as State's Exhibit No. 41 an authenticated certified copy from the records of the Recorder of Caddo Parish, Louisiana, of the information filed in Cause No. 92,803, which purported to charge appellant with the offense of theft of property over the value of $500.00. Included in the exhibit was a document entitled "Minutes of the Court" which recited:

"Shreveport, Louisiana, Friday, September 22, 1972. Court met this day pursuant to adjournment, His Honors Judges John F. Fant, C. J. Bolin, Jr., and James R. Alexander, presiding. The reading of the Minutes was dispensed with and the following proceedings were had, to-wit:

BEFORE JUDGE C. J. BOLIN, JR.

92,803 State of Louisiana vs. Neil Douglas Daniel

THEFT

The accused, being present with his counsel, Joseph F. Giglio, was arraigned and pled guilty to Theft of a value in excess of $100.00 and less than $500.00, which plea was accepted by the State. Before accepting the plea of guilty the Court inquired of the defendant if he understood that by entering a plea of guilty he was waiving his right to trial by jury, waiving his rights against compulsory self-incrimination and waiving the right to be confronted by the witnesses against him. The defendant replied affirmatively. The District Attorney made a statement of the facts and then confirmed their correctness. The Court then inquired of the defendant if he was aware of the nature of the charge and the maximum possible penalty therefor and whether the plea of guilty was freely and voluntarily made. The defendant again replied affirmatively. Whereupon, the Court accepted the defendants plea of guilty to Theft of a value in excess of $100.00 and less than $500.00. ² Whereupon, he was sentenced to pay a fine of $200.00 and costs or, in default thereof, to serve 30 days in jail, and in addition to serve six (6) months in jail. The Court ordered that the balance of the six (6) months jail sentence be suspended and defendant be placed on supervised probation for a period of twenty-four (24) months and that he be given credit for the time served from August 11, 1972 to August 31, 1972. The proceedings had in this case this day were recorded by the Court Reporter."

In order to identify appellant as the person convicted of theft on September 22, 1972 in Louisiana Cause No. 92,803, the State called Dallas County Deputy Sheriff James Cron, a fingerprint expert. Deputy Cron testified that he was a custodian of the records maintained by the Dallas County Sheriff's Office, including those of the County Identification Bureau. Cron explained that it is the normal course of business in "booking-in" jail inmates for the Sheriff's Office to preserve on a "jail card" the name and brief description of the person, the charge against him and "any number pertaining to that charge." Thereafter, the jail card goes to the Identification Bureau where the person's right index fingerprint is placed on the card. When the person is released from jail, another right index fingerprint is placed on the card "to assure that the same person that entered the jail is the same person that left." ³

Cron identified State's Exhibit No. 45 as being a jail card which reflected that Neil Douglas Daniel had been booked into the Dallas County Jail on January 12, 1973 at 9:30 a. m.; the offense was recorded as "probation check" and the stated reason for release was "probation completed." The date and time of release entered were January 12, 1973 at 9:30 a. m. A space for "remarks" reflected the entry: "attempted felony theft # 92803 Louisiana probationer." According to Cron, the two fingerprints on State's Exhibit No. 45 were identical to those recently taken by him from the appellant.

When the State offered the exhibit into evidence, appellant objected on the ground, among others, that appellant's identity had not been established as that of the person convicted in Louisiana as reflected by the records contained in State's Exhibit No. 41. ⁴ This objection was overruled, and Deputy Cron was permitted to affirm the fact that this defendant's fingerprints appeared on the jail card would mean "that he was checked in and checked out of jail on the . . . case number (which) appears" on Exhibit No. 45.

The State then offered State's Exhibit No. 41, the Louisiana records of conviction, into evidence. Appellant objected on all previously stated grounds "and further .2 . . to no identification." This objection was overruled and the prosecutor explained the import of the exhibit to the jury.

Now appellant complains that the trial court erred in overruling his objection to the admissibility of State's Exhibit No. 41, and alleged out of state conviction, because there was insufficient evidence to identify the appellant as being the person named and convicted in Exhibit No. 41.

This Court has approved several different means by which it may be proved that a defendant is the person previously convicted. They include: (1) Testimony of a witness who personally knows the defendant and the fact of his prior conviction and identifies him; Ward v. State, 505 S.W.2d 832 (Tex.Cr.App.1974); Jones v. State, 500 S.W.2d 661 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); Vasquez v. State, 491 S.W.2d 173 (Tex.Cr.App.1974); See also Smith v. State, 489 S.W.2d 920 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); and Cain v. State, 468 S.W.2d 856 (Tex.Cr.App.1971); (2) Stipulation or judicial admission of the defendant that he has been so convicted; Garza v. State, 548 S.W.2d 55 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Bolin v. State, 475 S.W.2d 241 (Tex.Cr.App.1971); Blake v. State, 468 S.W.2d 400 (Tex.Cr.App.1971); See also Smith v. State, supra, and Cain v. State, supra; (3) Introduction of certified copies of the judgment and sentence and record of the Texas Department of Corrections or a county jail Including fingerprints of the accused supported by expert testimony identifying them with known prints of the defendant; Rios v. State, 557 S.W.2d 87 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Bullard v. State, 548 S.W.2d 13 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Alvarez v. State, 536 S.W.2d 357 (Tex.Cr.App.1976); Blake v. State, supra; Cleveland v. State, 493 S.W.2d 145 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); Babcock v. State, 473 S.W.2d 941 (Tex.Cr.App.1971); Vessels v. State, 432 S.W.2d 108 (Tex.Cr.App.1968); See also Smith v. State, supra, and Cain v. State, supra; and (4) Comparison by the fact finder of a record of conviction which contains photographs and a detailed physical description of the named person, with the appearance of the defendant, present in court. Gollin v. State, 554 S.W.2d 683 (Tex.Cr.App.1977).

In support of its opposition to appellant's ground of error, the State cites Babcock v. State, 473 S.W.2d 941 (Tex.Cr.App.1971) and Jones v. State, 500 S.W.2d 661 (Tex.Cr.App.1973), but both are inapposite. In Babcock, supra, the fingerprints compared with those recently taken from the accused Accompanied the authenticated penitentiary record reflecting a prior conviction. Likewise, in Jones, supra, the Sheriff's Office jail card used to identify the accused as the person convicted in a certain cause's judgment, docket sheet and motion to revoke probation brought forth by a Deputy District Clerk from official records in her custody, were Both from official Harris County records. In addition, a Harris County Assistant District Attorney identified appellant as the same person against whom he had filed the referenced motion to revoke probation. Furthermore, this Court determined that the reliability of the jail card was shown not only by the testimony of the Deputy Sheriff, but also by notations in the docket sheet which corroborated the facts of appellant's arrest on a certain day pursuant to the motion to revoke, as well as setting of a bond for the probationer. A search of our cases reveals that fingerprints which have been used to provide independent identification of a person convicted have invariably been A part of the record of conviction, obtained from the Same governmental entity. ⁵

However, the State argues that because both the jail card and Louisiana Parish records exhibits met the requirements for admission of either the Business Records Act (Art. 3737e, V.A.T.C.S.) or the Official Records Act (Art. 3731a, V.A.T.C.S.), the reflection by both exhibits of an identical cause number provides sufficient connection between appellant and the Louisiana conviction to admit the latter as part of the former's "prior criminal record." We disagree.

We accept the truth of the matters asserted in the jail card (Exhibit 45) because it was admitted by the trial court as an exception to the prohibition against hearsay evidence; however, we find no matter asserted within the exhibit which supplies verification that the person identified as appellant by Cron's expert testimony who was both booked in and out of the Dallas County Jail at 9:30 a. m. on January 24, 1973 pursuant to a "probation check" was the same person actually convicted of theft and placed on probation in Caddo Parish, Louisiana on September...