Darrough v. State

• Decision Date: 18 December 1997
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Parties: Leo DARROUGH, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 96-1514.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 707

957 S.W.2d 707

330 Ark. 808

Leo DARROUGH, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 96-1514.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Dec. 18, 1997.

Clarence W. Cash, Jr., Little Rock, for Appellant.

Winston Bryant, Atty. Gen., Mac Golden, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for Appellee.

BROWN, Justice.

Appellant Leo Darrough was convicted of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. He was sentenced to eighty years' imprisonment as a habitual offender with four or more prior offenses. His sole assignment of error concerns the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction. We affirm.

At trial, Little Rock Police Department Narcotics Detective Bruce Jones testified that he executed a search warrant for an address on Highway 365 on December 21, 1994. He stated that the structure he entered was a double-door garage, and upon entry, he found Darrough and another man who he believed to be Roderick Darrough. He searched the garage and discovered a small pill bottle wrapped in black duct tape on the garage floor about three feet behind Leo Darrough. The pill bottle contained numerous off-white, rock-like substances which he assumed was crack cocaine. His belief was confirmed by the State Crime Lab. On crossexamination, Detective Jones admitted that there may have been more people in the garage than the two men and that he did not know who owned the building.

Officer Austin Lynch, who was then a member of the Little Rock Police Department's Narcotics Division, testified that he orchestrated a controlled buy in the garage about 30 to 45 minutes before executing the search warrant. As part of the subsequent search, he found $230 on Leo Darrough, which included a $20 bill that matched the serial number of a $20 bill used in the controlled buy. According to Officer Lynch, though Darrough did not reside in the residence located just northeast of the garage, some of his relatives did. On cross-examination, Officer Lynch admitted that he did not enter the garage as part of the controlled buy but, rather, the buy was accomplished by a confidential informant. Officer Lynch also related that the informant told him that he made the purchase from a person matching Leo Darrough's physical description and the clothes Darrough was wearing and that there were two other people in the garage. He testified that the informant bought one-quarter gram of crack cocaine.

At the conclusion of the State's case, Darrough's counsel moved for a directed verdict on two grounds: (1) that there was insufficient evidence connecting him to the cocaine found in the garage, and (2) that the chain of custody was not maintained in a proper fashion. The motion was denied, and Darrough put on no proof.

Darrough now argues that the trial court erred in denying his directed-verdict motion because the evidence presented by the State was insufficient. The standard of review for an appeal from a denial of a motion for directed verdict was reiterated recently in Williams v. State, 329 Ark. 8, 16, 946 S.W.2d 678, 682 (1997):

A motion for directed verdict is treated as a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Peeler v. State, 326 Ark. 423, 932 S.W.2d 312 (1996). When a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence convicting him, the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the State. Dixon v. State, 310 Ark. 460, 839 S.W.2d 173 (1992). Evidence, whether direct or circumstantial, is sufficient to support a conviction if the evidence is forceful enough to compel reasonable minds to reach a conclusion one way or the other. Peeler v. State, supra; Dixon v. State, supra. Only evidence supporting the verdict will be considered. Moore v. State, 315 Ark. 131, 864 S.W.2d 863 (1993).

Id.

Under our law, it is clear that the State need not prove that the accused physically possessed the contraband in order to sustain a conviction for possession of a controlled substance if the location of the contraband was such that it could be said to be under the dominion and control of the accused, that is, constructively possessed. Heard v. State, 316 Ark. 731, 876 S.W.2d 231 (1994); Crossley v. State, 304 Ark. 378, 802 S.W.2d 459 (1991). We have further explained:

Constructive possession can be implied when the controlled substance is in the joint control of the accused and another. Joint occupancy, though, is not sufficient in itself to establish possession or joint possession. There must be some additional factor linking the accused to the contraband. The State must show additional facts and circumstances indicating the accused's knowledge and control of the contraband.

Hendrickson v. State, 316 Ark. 182, 189, 871 S.W.2d 362, 365 (1994) (citations omitted). See also Jacobs v. State, 317 Ark. 454, 878 S.W.2d 734 (1994); Nichols v. State, 306 Ark. 417, 815 S.W.2d 382 (1991). When seeking to prove constructive possession, the State must establish (1) that the accused exercised care, control, and management over the contraband and (2) that the accused knew the matter possessed was contraband. Darrough v. State, 322 Ark. 251, 908 S.W.2d 325 (1995); Plotts v. State, 297 Ark. 66, 759...