Davis v. Epting

• Decision Date: 28 August 1995
• Docket Number: No. 2284,2284
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Francis W. DAVIS, Respondent, v. Gene B. EPTING, Appellant.

Page 325

454 S.E.2d 325

317 S.C. 315

Francis W. DAVIS, Respondent, v. Gene B. EPTING, Appellant.

No. 2284.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Submitted Dec. 6, 1994.

Decided Dec. 29, 1994.

Rehearing Denied Feb. 17, 1995.

Certiorari Denied Aug. 28, 1995.

William Isaac Diggs, of McCutchen, Mumford & Diggs, Myrtle Beach, for appellant.

William A. Bryan, of Bryan & Haar, Surfside Beach, for respondent.

HOWELL, Chief Judge.

Davis brought this action against his neighbor Epting seeking nullification of a quit claim deed, declaration of a permanent easement over a subdivision road, Virginia Lane, which dead ends into a marsh, and an injunction prohibiting Epting from obstructing access over and across Virginia Lane. Epting counterclaimed alleging abuse of process. The trial court granted directed verdicts for Davis on all issues except the permanent injunction. The trial court later found that Davis had an easement by grant from the beginning of Virginia Lane to the marsh, and issued a permanent injunction requiring Epting to remove all obstructions from the right of way of Virginia Lane and refrain from further barricading efforts. Epting appeals. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

Epting and Davis each own two subdivision lots on Virginia Lane. Both parties have homes on their respective lots. The parties' lots are located on the south side of Virginia Lane, with Davis' lots located near the entrance, and Epting's lots located near the end of Virginia Lane and the marsh. Davis rents part of his property to short-term tenants who also use Virginia Lane.

The parties purchased their lots in the 1960s from a common grantor, J.J. Nettles, the developer of the subdivision. The lots were conveyed by reference to a recorded plat which showed Virginia Lane as a fifteen foot wide alleyway extending from Waccamaw Drive on the east to the marsh on the west. Virginia Lane was unpaved until 1984 when the parties and a third neighbor shared the cost of paving the road.

In 1990, Epting began to experience problems with vandalism. ¹ Epting obtained a quit claim deed from Nettles' heirs which purported to convey the portion of Virginia Lane adjacent to Epting's property. In an attempt to stop the recurring vandalism, Epting barricaded the portion of Virginia Lane he obtained by laying wooden planks, similar to railroad ties, across the width of Virginia Lane on the eastern border of his property. Epting also rebuilt his new home closer to the road after it was damaged by Hurricane Hugo. In so doing, however, Epting built his staircase with a one foot overhang onto Virginia Lane which extends the full length of the staircase. Finally, Epting began construction of a chain link fence across Virginia Lane.

I. Quit Claim Deed

Epting contends that the quit claim deed is valid on its face and because Davis did not contest its regularity at trial, the trial judge erred in declaring the deed a nullity. We agree. A deed which is valid and regular on its face is clothed in a presumption of validity. Davis v. Monteith, 289 S.C. 176, 345 S.E.2d 724 (1986). There was no evidence presented at trial to rebut the presumption of validity. ² Thus, we reverse the trial judge's order invalidating the deed.

The quit claim deed transferred only such interests to Epting as Nettles' heirs held in the property. Nettles' heirs held the interest that Nettles held: fee simple subject to the easements of the lot owners in the subdivision. Where land is subdivided, platted into lots, and sold by reference to the plats, the buyers acquire a special property right in the roads shown on the plat. Blue Ridge Realty Co. v. Williamson, 247 S.C. 112, 145 S.E.2d 922 (1965). If the deed references the plat, the grantee acquires a private easement for the use of all streets on the map. Carolina Land Co. v. Bland, 265 S.C. 98, 217 S.E.2d 16 (1975). The deeds conveying the property to Davis and Epting reference the plat that shows Virginia Lane as the access road. Thus, both Davis and Epting received easements over Virginia Lane at the time of their purchases from Nettles. Epting's subsequent purchase of a portion of Virginia Lane resulted in fee simple ownership, but he holds the property as a servient estate, subject to Davis' easement, and the easements of all the other owners in the subdivision, as did his grantors.

II. Permanent Injunction

Epting further argues that the trial judge erred in permanently enjoining him from obstructing Virginia Lane. We disagree. A servient estate may limit access across an easement if the limitation: 1) does not unreasonably interfere with the right of passage of the dominant estate; 2) is necessary for the preservation of the servient estate; and 3) is necessary for the use of the servient estate. Brown v. Gaskins, 284 S.C. 30, 324 S.E.2d 639 (Ct.App.1984). Thus, Brown allows the owner of a servient estate to reasonably limit access over an easement. Id. However, the rights of ingress and egress conferred by the easement in this case were granted by specific reference to the right of way on the subdivision plat. Those rights were not only conferred upon Davis, but upon every other owner and prospective owner in the subdivision. While Davis abandoned his contention that this was a public easement, and there is no contention that it was ever accepted by a public body on behalf of the public, it cannot be denied that the rights of use by others are extensive, approaching the level of use of a public easement. Therefore, given the extensive use of Virginia Lane, it is difficult to conceive of a method of limiting access that would be reasonable.

Epting argues that requiring Davis to negotiate the barricade in order to gain access to the marsh is not unreasonable. Epting further argues that his proposed fence would not unreasonably interfere with Davis' easement because Epting would provide Davis and his tenants with keys to the fence. We disagree....