Dennis v. State

• Decision Date: 28 May 1999
• Docket Number: No. A99A0756.,A99A0756.
• Parties: DENNIS v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

518 S.E.2d 745

238 Ga. App. 343

DENNIS v. The STATE.

No. A99A0756.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

May 28, 1999.

Monique D. Moyse, Decatur, for appellant.

Paul L. Howard, Jr., District Attorney, Christopher M. Quinn, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

HAROLD R. BANKE, Senior Appellate Judge.

A jury convicted Johnny Dennis of burglary but acquitted him of murder, felony murder, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. On appeal, Dennis asserts ten enumerations of error, primarily contesting an adverse ruling on his motion pursuant to Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986).

When viewed in a light most favorable to the verdict, the State's evidence showed that when the 86-year-old, wheelchair-bound victim, who lived alone, did not answer her telephone, her brother investigated and discovered she had been murdered in her bed. The cause of her death was a single gunshot fired inches away from the left side of her face.

Two days before her murder, the victim had filed a suspicious person report. When Corporal Tony Williams investigated, she told him that she had discovered a small, young black male, whom she had previously seen in the area, inside her garage. When she asked him what he was doing there, he inquired about her car which she informed him was not for sale. Later, when he came back and requested a glass of water, she told him he could use the outside spigot. He told her that his name was "John." When he returned a third time, the victim became upset and confided to her daughter-in-law that she was afraid.

Relying on information obtained from the victim's family, police officers and Georgia Bureau of Investigation agents began combing the neighborhood for a young black male named John. After learning that the appellant, "Johnny" Dennis, lived down the street from the victim with his sister and her boyfriend, two investigators asked Dennis some routine questions. Dennis denied knowing the victim, keeping a gun at his house, or having done any yard work for her. But Dennis disclosed that during the previous evening, he had seen a white male with shoulder-length blonde hair running diagonally from the rear of the victim's home toward the woods carrying something like a bag. Dennis agreed to accompany investigators to the victim's home where he pointed out the path followed by the man. When a GBI agent determined that Dennis' purported observation defied the laws of physics, Dennis was taken in for further questioning.

Shortly after Dennis departed with police, his sister's boyfriend, Ronald Howell, came to the crime scene and told police he had some items at home that he was afraid might have belonged to the victim. Howell turned over a cordless phone, a manicure set, and a.22 rifle which Dennis had brought home on the night of the murder and had given to Howell. Relatives of the victim identified those items as having come from her home.

Howell provided consent to a search of Dennis' bedroom and the living room. A .32 caliber bullet was found in Dennis' bedroom. Police discovered a .32 caliber Derringer pistol and additional ammunition concealed in a cabinet in the living room. GBI test firing determined that this Derringer was the murder weapon. According to a forensic latent print examiner, two fingerprints found inside the victim's home, one from a Dustbuster on the floor of the living room and another from a portable radio located on the nightstand next to her bed, matched Dennis' fingerprints. Held:

1. Dennis' contention that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict is without merit. The evidence established that on the night of the murder, Dennis suddenly came into possession of several items missing from the victim's home. An investigator depicted the disarray throughout the house as though it had been ransacked. Dennis' fingerprints appeared on the cordless phone, one of the items which his sister's boyfriend turned over to police. Dennis' fingerprints were discovered on two items located inside the victim's home. This evidence was sufficient within the meaning of Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979), to sustain Dennis' conviction for burglary. See Wallis v. State, 170 Ga.App. 354(1), 317 S.E.2d 331 (1984). 2. Dennis contends that the trial court violated his right to a fair trial by denying his motion to suppress several statements he made. He claims that he was in custody when initially questioned at his home and at the victim's home. He further asserts that as a mere 15-year-old boy, he did not knowingly and voluntarily waive his rights in light of the coercive atmosphere in which he was questioned.

Unless clearly erroneous, a trial court's finding of admissibility will be affirmed on appeal. Barrs v. State, 202 Ga. App. 520, 521(3), 414 S.E.2d 733 (1992). In this case, at the hearing held pursuant to Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368, 84 S.Ct. 1774, 12 L.Ed.2d 908 (1964), an officer testified that Dennis was not in police custody until he arrived at the Juvenile Intake Center. He explained that initially they considered Dennis to be a potential witness rather than a suspect. Up until their arrival at the intake center, the officer attested that Dennis had been free to leave at any time and that he would have taken Dennis home if he had been asked to do so.

During an interview at the intake center, GBI Special Agent Adrian McCravy advised Dennis of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). In the presence of two witnesses, Dennis signed a waiver form after McCravy explained the form to him point by point. After Dennis' mother arrived, Dennis was re-Mirandized. When questioning resumed and Dennis was confronted with the fact that incriminating evidence had been found inside his home, McCravy asked him if it was not time for him to tell the truth. In response, Dennis looked down and nodded his head affirmatively. At that point, Dennis' mother asked that the interview stop so that she could consult with an attorney, and all questioning ceased. Because there was evidence authorizing the trial court to find that Dennis was not in custody until after his arrival at the intake center and to support the court's determination that Dennis' statements were freely and voluntarily made, we cannot say the court clearly erred in its ruling. Bryant v. State, 193 Ga.App. 840, 841(2), 389 S.E.2d 405 (1989). Further, given the overwhelming evidence that Dennis burglarized the victim's home, he cannot show the requisite harm even had the admission of the evidence been error under the analysis of Riley v. State, 237 Ga. 124, 128, 226 S.E.2d 922 (1976). See Cook v. State, 270 Ga. 820, 828(3), 514 S.E.2d 657 (1999).

3. Dennis asserts that the court erred by giving an incomplete charge on a defendant's right not to testify.

After instructing the jury on the presumption of innocence, the court charged, "[t]he burden is upon the state to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. That burden never shifts." The court further instructed that the defendant is not required to testify and that "no presumption of guilt may be raised and no inference of any kind may be drawn from the failure of the defendant to testify." Having reviewed the charge as a whole, we find no error. Sweat v. State, 226 Ga.App. 88, 90(4), 485 S.E.2d 259 (1997); see Pullins v. State, 232 Ga.App. 267(1)(a), 501 S.E.2d 612 (1998).

4. Dennis contends that the trial court engaged in improper burden shifting by ignoring the third step of the analysis under Batson. He claims that the trial court failed to make an express finding that he did not carry his burden of showing that the State's proffered reasons were designed to cover up purposeful racial discrimination.

In denying the motion, the court ruled that the State...