East Caln Tp. v. Carter
Decision Date | 09 October 1970 |
Citation | 269 A.2d 703,440 Pa. 607 |
Parties | EAST CALN TOWNSHIP v. Clayton CARTER, Jr., and Loretta Carter, his wife, Appellants. |
Court | Pennsylvania Supreme Court |
Glenvar E. Harman, Downingtown, for appellee.
Before BELL, C.J., and JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS and POMEROY, JJ.
In January and February of 1966, appellant Clayton Carter, Jr. and his wife purchased two adjacent tracts of land situated partially in Uwchlan Township and partially in East Caln Township. Parts of these tracts had been maintained as a trailer park by one of appellant's predecessors in title. Upon taking possession of the land, appellant began to improve it, intending to expand and develop this mobile home or trailer camp.
Attempts to persuade appellant to comply with zoning and other ordinances failed. In June 1966, East Caln Township, together with several individual plaintiffs, filed a bill in Equity which alleged that the appellant and his wife were establishing and maintaining a mobile home or trailer park in violation of the Zoning Ordinance of East Caln Township. Several hearings and preliminary injunctions followed. At one time, Carter was fined $500 for contempt of Court for moving additional trailers onto the land in violation of a preliminary injunction. After additional hearings, findings of fact and conclusions of law were made and a Decree nisi was entered on April 8, 1968. The Court subsequently dismissed appellant's exceptions and on August 2, 1968, entered a final Decree.
The Decree provided, in pertinent part: '* * * Clayton Carter, Jr. and Loretta Carter, his wife, * * * are hereby restrained and enjoined from operating a trailer park upon their land or any part thereof situate in East Caln Township in this county, * * * and They are ordered and directed to forthwith remove any and all house trailers now used as places of human habitation from said tract, as well as all such trailers which are designed for or intended for such use, 1 and they are further ordered and directed to desist from the use of any pipes, wells, pumps, cess-pools, septic tanks and any other facilities devoted to or designed for use as part of any sewage disposal system or water supply facility now located upon said tract. * * *'
On August 23, 1968, appellee filed in the lower Court a petition for contempt of Court and a petition for enforcement of the Court's Final Decree. In the meantime, appellants filed an appeal in this Court which we non prossed on January 23, 1969. On May 1, 1969, a hearing was held by the lower Court on the petitions for contempt of Court and for enforcement of the Final Decree. At this hearing, appellee presented testimony to prove that appellants had not removed the house trailers and mobile homes from their land as mandated by the Decree, but were continuing to operate the trailer park as before. Appellants presented evidence to show that they were installing sewage facilities to comply with the various public health ordinances involved, and testified that they had not pressed their appeal in this Court because they thought that the improvements which they made would satisfy all the terms and requirements of the Decree. Appellants further testified that they had only become aware within the past week that any zoning matter was involved or included in the Decree.
On May 2, 1969, the lower Court entered an Order holding the appellant-husband In contempt of Court. The Court further provided (1) that Appellant might purge himself of the contempt by removing all of the house trailers from the part of the trailer park situated in East Caln Township by June 1, 1969, and (2) that if the appellant refused to remove the trailers the following penalties would be imposed:
$100 per day for the first week after June 1;
$200 per day for the second week thereafter; and
$300 per day for each subsequent day.
The Court's lengthy Order further provided that if appellant failed to pay any of the penalties so assessed, he should be committed to the Chester County Farms until the penalties were paid or until he was otherwise discharged, with the further proviso that No single period of imprisonment should exceed three months in duration, but that if violations of the Decree continued beyond that three-month period, and if the payments were still not made, appellant would then be recommitted to Chester County Farms so long as that unfilled condition continued. It is from this Contempt Order that Carter appeals.
Appellant Carter presents two issues in this appeal. He first contends that the Contempt Order of May 2, 1969, was punishing him for an indirect criminal contempt, and, as such, exceeded the statutory limitations governing such punishment. We disagree; this was a civil contempt. He further contends that the lower Court erred in finding him in contempt because he had never been personally served with a copy of the Court's Order and did not have sufficient actual knowledge of its contents to make him liable for violating it. There is no merit, as we shall see, in any of appellant's contentions.
This Court, in Brocker v. Brocker, 429 Pa. 513, 241 A.2d 336, recently discussed at great length the subject of contempt. There we said (pages 519--521, 241 A.2d pages 338--339):
'* * *
* * *'
We said in Knaus v. Knaus, 387 Pa. 370, pages 376--377, 127 A.2d 669, page 672:
This test and these legal principals have been iterated and reaffirmed on numerous occasions by the United States Supreme Court. In the recent case of Shillitani v. United States, ...
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Commonwealth v. Stevenson
...the appellant had actual knowledge that his conduct was at variance with his responsibilities to the court); East Caln Twp. v. Carter , 440 Pa. 607, 269 A.2d 703, 707 (1970) ("This Court has previously held that before a defendant may be cited for contempt of an Order of Court it must be sh......
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Cipolla v. Cipolla
...thus avoiding sanctions. See, Woods v. Dunlop, supra, fn. 2. Such a citation would have been for civil contempt. East Caln Twp. v. Carter, 440 Pa. 607, 269 A.2d 703 (1970). The entire proceeding below had as its dominant purpose to decide if appellant had disobeyed the order and, if he had,......
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Commonwealth v. Stevenson
... ... variance with his responsibilities to the court); East ... Caln Twp. v. Carter , 269 A.2d 703, 707 (Pa. 1970) ... ("This Court has previously ... ...
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Dunn v. Rulli, 5
...Before a person may be cited for contempt, however, it must be shown that he had actual knowledge of the order. East Caln Township v. Carter, 440 Pa. 607, 269 A.2d 703 (1970). In In Re Rubin, 378 F.2d 104 (3d Cir.1967), the Third Circuit Court of Appeals said that two requirements, each a c......