Gordon v. Hurtado

• Decision Date: 14 April 1980
• Docket Number: No. 10549,10549
• Citation: 96 Nev. 375,609 P.2d 327
• Parties: Royal G. GORDON, Individually and as Guardian ad Litem of Glen Michael Gordon, a minor, Appellants, v. Jerry HURTADO and Fremont Hotel, Inc., Respondents.
• Court: Nevada Supreme Court

Page 327

609 P.2d 327

96 Nev. 375

Royal G. GORDON, Individually and as Guardian ad Litem of Glen Michael Gordon, a minor, Appellants, v. Jerry HURTADO and Fremont Hotel, Inc., Respondents.

No. 10549.

Supreme Court of Nevada.

April 14, 1980.

Peter L. Flangas, Las Vegas, and Marchiondo & Berry, Albuquerque, N.M., for appellants.

[96 Nev. 376] Cromer, Barker & Michaelson, Las Vegas, for respondents.

OPINION

FRANK B. GREGORY, ¹ Senior District Judge:

This appeal arises out of an automobile collision in which appellant Glen Gordon received personal injuries. In Gordon v. Hurtado, 91 Nev. 641, 541 P.2d 533 (1975), this court reversed a jury verdict and judgment for defendants due to error regarding expert testimony. The case was tried again, resulting in another verdict and judgment for the defendants. Plaintiffs appeal.

The facts of the collision are set forth in detail in our previous opinion. Briefly, the collision occurred at the crossing of Washington Avenue and 25th Street in Las Vegas. A forty-foot drainage ditch divided the eastbound and westbound lanes of Washington at the crossing. There were four traffic signals at the crossing, each consisting of a light on a signal pole and a light extending over the street. The traffic signals were located at the outside corners of the crossing. The collision occurred at the intersection of the eastbound lanes of Washington and the southbound lane of 25th after Hurtado completed a left turn from Washington onto 25th. Traffic signal lights were green for traffic on Washington and red for traffic on 25th.

The sole contention on this appeal is that the district court committed error by giving the following jury instruction:

The Court has determined as a matter of law that the traffic controls for northbound and southbound traffic on Twenty-fifth Street at its intersection with Washington Avenue were not in proper position in accordance with the provisions of NRS 484.073, defining the area as a double intersection, and, accordingly, you are instructed that Defendant JERRY HURTADO is not chargeable with a violation of NRS 484.283, the Traffic-Control signal legend. That is, Defendant HURTADO cannot be found negligent on the basis of any traffic signal violation at the intersection.

The crossing of Washington and 25th did not constitute a single "intersection" as that term is defined by statute. Rather, the crossing of those roadways actually constituted two separate intersections: (1) the intersection of 25th with the westbound lanes of Washington; and (2) the intersection of 25th with the eastbound lanes of Washington. NRS 484.073(2). ² It is clear from the record, and from the testimony of a traffic engineer called as a witness by the defense, that the traffic signal lights at the crossing were placed as if there was only one intersection rather than two separate and distinct intersections. There was no error in instructing that the traffic controls were not in proper position.

The jury received several instructions regarding statutory violations. An instruction was given on the statutory definition of the term "intersection," NRS 484.073, and the jury was told that the crossing in question constituted two intersections as a matter of law. ³ Instructions were also given regarding traffic control signals, NRS 484.283, and the obedience of traffic control devices, NRS 484.278. Finally, the jury was instructed that the violation of a statute constitutes negligence as a matter of law. The challenged instruction in this case was included within instructions dealing with statutory violations.

Pertinent parts of NRS 484.283 were given to the jury as Instruction 22, and NRS 484.278 (Obedience to and required traffic control devices) was given in full as Instruction 23. The second paragraph of that section reads, in part:

2. No provision of this chapter for which such devices (traffic control devices) are required shall be enforced against an alleged violator if at the time and place of the alleged violation such device is not in proper position and sufficiently legible to be seen by an ordinarily observant person.

It appears that Instruction 24 did contain a correct statement of the law pertinent to traffic control at this intersection. While the instruction may have been inartistically worded, we cannot say that the instruction constituted prejudicial error in this case.

We believe the challenged instruction simply removed from the jury any consideration of negligence based on statutory violations with respect to the traffic signals at the crossing. In certain circumstances a violation of statute may constitute negligence per se. See Southern Pacific Co. v. Watkins, 83 Nev. 471, 435 P.2d 498 (1967); Ryan v. Manhattan M. Co., 38 Nev. 92, 145 P. 907 (1914); cf. Bill Stremmel Mtrs. v. First Nat'l Bank, 94 Nev. 131, 575 P.2d 938 (1978) (effect of violation of statute not clear in Nevada). However, violation of a statute does not constitute negligence when the violation is excused, see Alarid v. Vanier, 50 Cal.2d 617, 327 P.2d 897 (1958); Wood v. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific R. Co., 45 Wash.2d 601, 277 P.2d 345 (1954), aff'd on rehearing en banc, 45 Wash.2d 601, 283 P.2d 688 (1955), as when the violation might reasonably have been expected from a person of ordinary prudence acting in similar circumstances. See Nichols v. Sonneman, 99 Idaho 199, 418 P.2d 562 (Idaho 1966); Alarid v. Vanier, supra. See generally Restatement (Second) of Torts § 288 A (1965).

It is clear from the record in the present case, and from the configuration of the intersections and the control signals, that a reasonable person driving through or turning within the two intersections would be deceived by the circumstances at the crossing and would not necessarily know which of the control signals...