Gray v. Sawyer

• Citation: 247 S.W.2d 496
• Parties: GRAY et al. v. SAWYER et al. GRAY et al. v. CLAY et al.
• Decision Date: 18 January 1952
• Court: United States State Supreme Court (Kentucky)

Page 496

247 S.W.2d 496

GRAY et al. v. SAWYER et al.

GRAY et al. v. CLAY et al.

Court of Appeals of Kentucky.

Jan. 18, 1952.

Rehearing Denied April 25, 1952.

Finley F. Gibson, Jr., Louisville, Leslie W. Morris, Marion Rider, Frakfort, for appellants.

J. Leonard Walker, Lawrence S. Grauman, Louisville, for appellees.

STANLEY, Commissioner.

Leonard L. Gugel and his wife, Gladys Gray Gugel, were killed by a locomotive at a grade crossing. In an action involving the question of survivorship, it was adjudged that since it could not be determined from the evidence who died first, they died simultaneously. The judgment was affirmed. Gugel's Adm'r v. Orth's Ex'r, 314 Ky. 591, 236 S.W.2d 460. Thereafter Leonard L. Gugel's administrator and heirs filed this independent suit for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence. Sec. 518, Civil Code of Practice. The petition was dismissed, and they appeal.

The newly discovered evidence is that Mrs. Ruth Hickey heard the noise of the accident, turned and saw what had happened and then went immediately to the scene. She found Mrs. Gugel decapitated, her head lying about ten feet from her body, which was actively bleeding 'from near her neck and blood was gushing from her body in spurts.' Her legs were crossed but thereafter straightened out.

Realistically, a person is dead when there has been a complete decapitation of the head, as was proved in the original case; but upon a hypothetical question submitting the above statements of Mrs. Hickey and, as well, the terrific mangling of the body of her husband and other conditions relating to both, several doctors expressed the opinion that Mrs. Gugel had survived her husband for a fleeting moment. The doctors told the court that a body is not dead so long as there is a heart beat and that may be evidenced by the gushing of blood in spurts. This is so though the brain may have quit functioning. See Thomas v. Anderson, 96 Cal.App.2d 371, 215 P.2d 478; Vaegemast v. Hess, 203 Minn. 207, 280 N.W. 641; Evans v. Halterman, 31 Ohio App. 175, 165 N.E. 869.

The very closeness of the evidence in the original case makes manifest the significance and importance of this new evidence. Whether the offered testimony is not merely cumulative and of sufficient materiality to justify a new trial need not be decided since the trial court denied the new trial because her other essential factor of diligence had not been established.

Sec. 518(1) of the Civil Code of Practice provides for the granting of a new trial after the expiration of the term for the cause provided in Sec. 344, which, in turn, authorizes an independent suit seeking it and upon grounds discovered after the term at which the verdict was rendered. One of such grounds is 'Newly discovered evidence, material for the party applying, which he could not, with reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the trial.' Sec. 340(7), Civil Code of Practice. The construction of these procedural statutes is that the onus rests upon the plaintiff to show that by the exercise of due diligence he could not have discovered the proffered evidence in time to have introduced it on the original trial. The mere fact that the party or his counsel did not at the time know of the existence or availability of the evidence is not the controlling factor. Caldwell County v. Hughett, 301 Ky. 397, 192 S.W.2d 194; Cobb v. Keith, 296 Ky. 775, 178 S.W.2d 615. Secondly, the judicial discretion exercised by the trial court may not be overcome except by convincing the appellate court that the decision was a manifest error on an abuse of discretion. Cleveland v. Couch, 231 Ky. 332, 21 S.W.2d 468; Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Railway Co. v. Snow, 284 Ky. 58, 143 S.W.2d 863. So, the appellant comes here carrying a double burden.

We examine the proof upon the point of vigilance in the preparation of the case for the original trial in respect to the failure to discover the new witness. Mrs. Hickey lived with her husband and operated a restaurant and tourist court about 400 feet from the railroad crossing. Plaintiffs' attorneys had not interviewed her before the first trial. Afterward, one of them happened to meet up with her at the office of a lawyer in Jeffersonville where he had gone upon an unrelated matter, and during the course of his conversation he learned Mrs. Hickey lived near the scene of the accident. Not long afterward two attorneys for the plaintiffs called upon her, and she related what she knew about the case as above outlined. To the evidence stated may be added the fact that she had quickly returned to her restaurant and had her husband call the police and other officers. She testified on this hearing that she had not told anyone about all this because she had not been asked about the accident, although it appears she talked generally about it.

The appellants point to the record of the trial as itself evidencing extensive investigation and preparation. It appears that the police officers and the coroner and others had also made investigations...