Hand v. Nickerson

• Decision Date: 18 March 1953
• Parties: HAND v. NICKERSON.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

Page 813

95 A.2d 813

148 Me. 465

HAND v. NICKERSON.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

March 18, 1953.

Asa H. Roach, Houlton, for plaintiff.

James P. Archibald, Houlton, for defendant.

Before MURCHIE, C. J., and THAXTER, FELLOWS, MERRILL, NULTY and WILLIAMSON, JJ.

MERRILL, Justice.

On report. This case was reported to this Court by a Justice of the Superior Court upon the following certificate:

'This case is by agreement of the parties herby reported to the Law Court in the most comprehensive manner, to embrace every question of law and fact which the case hereby reported involves and to submit the whole controversy obtaining for final decision.'

The tendency to report cases to this Court which present no questions of law of sufficient importance or doubt to justify the same makes it necessary for us to re-examine the circumstances and again state the rules under which cases may be reported to this Court sitting as a Law Court.

No case should be reported to this Court unless our decision thereof in at least one alternative would enable us to finally dispose of the case. See Cheney v. Richards, 130 Me. 288, 291, 155 A. 642; Harding v. Harding, 130 Me. 515, 153 A. 14. This rule is general but it had special significance with respect to reporting questions of law on interlocutory matters. See Shaw v. Monson Maine Slate Co., 96 Me. 41, 44, 51 A. 285, with respect to equity cases, and Fidelity & Casualty Co. v. Bodwell Granite Co., 102 Me. 148, 66 A. 314, 316, with respect to actions at law. In the latter case, in a decision discharging the report, we said with respect to reporting an interlocutory motion to this Court without a stipulation for final disposition:

'Cases cannot be thus sent to the law court piecemeal, one question at a time, the case to be returned again to the law court, when and as often as another question may arise. Monaghan v. Longfellow, 82 Me. 419, 19 A. 857. As said by the court in State v. Brown, 75 Me. 456: 'If the case be sent to us once in this way, there is no reason why it could not come up in the same way over and over again upon motions possible tbe made.' That the parties agree to such a course does not make it lawful. It would transform the law court into an advisory board for the direction of the business of the court at nisi prius, a function the law court cannot assume. Noble v. [City of] Boston, 111 Mass. 485.

'All interlocutory motions and other interlocutory matters should be disposed of at nisi prius, saving to the parties their rights of exception or appeal, if any. They should not be sent to the law court, even upon report at the request of the parties, except at such stage of the case, or upon such stipulation, that a decision of the question may, in one alternative at least, dispose of the case itself. The Legislature in constituting the law court and defining its jurisdiction (Rev.St. c. 79, § 46) [now R.S., (1944) c. 91, § 14] did not intend it to be used as a substitute for presiding justices nor to relieve judges in the trial courts from the duty of deciding, as they arise, mere interlocutory questions incident to the progress of the trial or the case.

'As well might motions for the appointment of auditors or surveyors, or questions of the admissibility of evidence, or requests for instructions, etc., be sent to the law court for original decision. It is evident, * * * that, even by agreement of parties, a trial should not be interrupted or post-poned in order to obtain the opinion of the law court upon such questions, at least unless the parties stipulate that the opinion in some alternative shall practically end the case. Noble v. [City of] Boston, 111 Mass. 485.'

The Law Court sits as a court of law. It is the exception, not the rule, when this Court sitting as the Law Court passes upon and determines questions of fact. The unrestrained power of Justices at nisi prius, either with the consent or at the request of the parties, to report cases to this Court for determination is inconsistent with the purposes for which this Court was established and the duties and powers with which it has been invested by statute.

'This law court has jurisdiction to determine causes in equity certified on report only when the presiding justice is of opinion, and so certifies, that a question of law is involved of sufficient importance or doubt to justify the same, and the parties agree thereto.' (Emphasis ours.) R.S.1944, c. 95, § 24; Fenn v. Fenn, 130 Me. 520, 155 A. 803, 804.

The authority of this Court to determine cases at law on report is conferred by R.S.1944, c. 91, § 14 and is confined to cases presenting 'questions of law'. It is to be noted that Section 14 of Chapter 91 does not specifically set forth the limitations contained in the statute relative to reporting a cause in equity, to wit, that the same must in the opinion of the presiding Justice involve questions of law of sufficient importance or doubt to justify reporting the same or that the parties must agree to the report. However, it has been the almost universal practice to include a declaration to that effect in certificates reporting cases at law. While such a declaration in a certificate reporting a case at law is not strictly necessary, such a case should not be reported to this Court, even when the parties request that it be done, except under those conditions.

This Court has held that an action at law cannot be reported unless the parties agree thereto. We said in Baker v. Johnson, 41 Me. 15, 18:

'Questions of law may also be raised for the law court on reports of evidence, as well as on exceptions or agreed statements of facts. But it is not competent for a Judge presiding at Nisi Prius to order the evidence to be reported or the parties to agree upon a statement of facts. If the parties do not consent to raise questions of law by a report of the evidence, or by agreed statement of facts, it is the duty of the presiding Judge to hear the evidence when addressed to the Court, or cause it to be produced before the jury, when properly addressed to a jury, and to make such rulings, orders, or decrees thereon, as in his opinion the law of the case requires. To these rulings, orders or decrees, in matters of law, any party who is thereby aggrieved, may allege exceptions, which exceptions, when properly authenticated, may, after all preliminary and interlocutory matters have been disposed of, be entered upon the docket of the law court for final determination.'

Even as the requirement that the parties agree to a report of a case at law is implied, in like manner, it is also implied that the questions of law involved must be of sufficient importance or doubt to justify reporting the same. Otherwise, any case could be reported to the Law Court for decision, because the decision of every case involves a question of law and its application to the existing facts. When this Court has heretofore stated in opinions that no question of law was or that only questions of fact were presented by the report under consideration, it was with the implication that such questions of law as were involved in the case were not of sufficient importance or doubt to justify reporting the same. See Zoidis v. Breen, 132 Me. 489, 171 A. 321; Associated Fish Products v. Hussey, 145 Me. 388, 71 A.2d 519; Bartlett v. Newton, 147 Me. 185, 84 A.2d 679.

In cases reported to the Law Court on the evidence because of questions of law involved, this Court may also pass upon the facts. Dansky v. Kotimaki, 125 Me. 72, 130 A. 871. This power of the Court to pass upon the facts of a case, however, is incidental to its jurisdiction to pass upon the questions of law properly presented by the report. Unless questions of law of sufficient importance or doubt to justify reporting the case to the Law Court are presented, this Court ordinarily will not assume to pass upon controverted questions of fact. However, in exceptional cases, this Court has sometimes regarded it to be its duty to finally dispose of litigation without compelling the parties to incur further expense and has finally disposed of a case reported to it when no controverted questions of...