Insurance Indus. Consultants v. Essex Inv.

• Decision Date: 04 June 2001
• Docket Number: No. A01A0816, No. A01A0817.
• Citation: 549 S.E.2d 788,249 Ga. App. 837
• Parties: INSURANCE INDUSTRY CONSULTANTS, INC. v. ESSEX INVESTMENTS, INC. Essex Investments, Inc. v. Insurance Industry Consultants, Inc.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

549 S.E.2d 788

249 Ga. App. 837

INSURANCE INDUSTRY CONSULTANTS, INC. v. ESSEX INVESTMENTS, INC.

Essex Investments, Inc. v. Insurance Industry Consultants, Inc.

Nos. A01A0816, A01A0817.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

June 4, 2001.

Owen, Gleaton, Egan, Jones & Sweeney, Maurice M. Egan, Jr., Marla M. Eastwood, Atlanta, for appellant.

Kritzer & Levick, Atlanta, Joseph S. Carr, Roswell, Christen C. Carey, Atlanta, Catrina C. Creswell, for appellee. BARNES, Judge.

This appeal concerns a renewal clause in a commercial lease. In 1995, Insurance Industry Consultants, Inc. ("IIC"), as tenant, executed a five-year lease of an office in the Triangle Building in northwest Atlanta, that was later managed by Essex Investments, Inc. ("ESSEX"). By its terms, the lease would expire on October 31, 2000.

The renewal provision states:

Lessee shall have two 3-year options to renew the lease by giving four (4) months prior written notice. Lessee will receive new building standard carpet and paint when the renewal option is taken. The rental rate for the renewal term shall be the fair market rental with fair market escalations. Fair market rental rate and fair market escalations being that rate and escalation found within comparable premises in comparable properties within the Northwest office submarket, taking into account any concessions being offered at that time.

The lease also contains an entire agreement clause requiring that all modifications to the lease be in writing signed by all parties.

On October 6, 1999, representatives of IIC and ESSEX met and discussed, among other subjects, an extension of the lease. During the meeting, ESSEX indicated its interest in keeping IIC as a tenant. On October 20, 1999, the parties again discussed extending the lease, and IIC expressed its intention to amend the current lease. ESSEX would give them "initial lease numbers for 3 and 5 year leases" by November 10, 1999, and IIC understood that because there was not a big hurry to sign the renewal, a tight timetable was not required IIC reviewed the lease in preparation for the meetings with ESSEX but never provided written notice that it had decided to exercise its option to renew the lease.

On November 4, 1999, ESSEX sent a letter by fax to IIC stating, "I have prepared the following renewal proposal for IIC's office space located in the Triangle Building." Among other details, the proposal included rental rates and monthly rentals for a three-year extension. The letter concluded: "If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call." When IIC did not promptly respond to this letter, ESSEX followed up with telephone calls to confirm that IIC had received the letter. Ultimately in December, ESSEX confirmed that IIC had received the letter, and IIC stated that it would get back to ESSEX about it. IIC, however, never responded to the letter.

IIC admits that it never gave written notice of its intention to exercise its option to renew the lease and never told ESSEX orally that it intended to do so. IIC never mentioned renewal of the lease from December 1999 to August 2000. Further, even at the meeting on October 6, 1999, IIC never told ESSEX that it was exercising its option to renew the contract. Although IIC believed that its intention to renew was plain from the meeting on October 20, 1999, IIC never accepted the terms of the proposal sent on November 4, 1999. The trial court specifically found that IIC did not respond to any communications from ESSEX regarding the November 4, 1999 renewal proposal.

Finally on August 16, 2000, ESSEX sent two letters by fax. One stated that ESSEX was not renewing the lease with IIC, and the other stated that ESSEX had received IIC's telephone message at 10:50 that morning, that it would renew the lease, and that it would send the papers the next day. The second letter also advised IIC that ESSEX "will not renew the lease with Insurance Industry Consultants, Inc."

After IIC stated that it would refuse to vacate the premises at the end of the lease, ESSEX filed this action seeking a declaration of its rights and obligations under the lease. Later, IIC filed a counterclaim also seeking declaratory relief that the prior written documents between the parties were sufficient to constitute written notice of the extension or, in the alternative, that the court declare that ESSEX either waived the written notice provision or was estopped from asserting it.

In a bench brief, filed in court before the trial, ESSEX contended the renewal provision in the lease was too indefinite to be enforced. It further contended that even if the renewal provision was enforceable, IIC had not exercised the option to renew properly and that an oral extension to renew a lease for three years was barred by the Statute of Frauds.

After the bench trial, the trial court issued a declaratory judgment in favor of ESSEX because it found the renewal provision was legally unenforceable. Before doing so, however, the trial court, relying on Storey v. Austin, 221 Ga. 692, 146 S.E.2d 728 (1966), concluded as a matter of law that "IIC had sufficiently exercised its option by clearly indicating an intent to renew the lease well before the requisite four (4) month notice period." The trial court denied IIC's counterclaim for a declaratory judgment and denied both parties' requests for award of attorney fees, expenses, and costs.

IIC has appealed that ruling, contending that the trial court erred by holding that the objective market rate renewal provision of the lease was unenforceable and also erred by holding that the Statute of Frauds applied to this lease provision. ESSEX has filed a cross-appeal in which it asserts that the trial court erred by denying its claim for attorney fees and expenses of litigation. ESSEX, however, has not challenged the trial court's ruling that IIC effectively exercised the renewal option.

1. Under OCGA § 9-11-52(a), a trial court's findings in non-jury trials "shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses." Because the clearly erroneous test is in effect the same standard as the any evidence rule, appellate courts will not disturb factfindings of a trial court if there is any evidence to sustain them. Kimbrell v. Effingham Bd. of Tax Assessors, 191 Ga. App. 544, 545-546, 382 S.E.2d 388 (1989). The trial court's interpretation and application of the law to those findings, however, are subject to de novo review. See Vansant v. State, 264 Ga. 319, 320(1), 443 S.E.2d 474 (1994).

Case No. A01A0816

2. When no dispute of fact is involved, the construction of a plain and definite lease, if needed, is a matter of law for the court, and when construing lease provisions concerning renewals, the tenant is given the benefit of any uncertainty. Thornton v. Ellis, 184 Ga.App. 884-885(1), 363 S.E.2d 584 (1987). Since the words in this lease are plain and obvious, however, they must be given their literal meaning. United States Fire Ins. Co. v. Capital Ford &c., 257 Ga. 77, 79, 355 S.E.2d 428 (1987).

Although the parties have at various times referred to "renewal" and "extension" of the lease, the words used are not important.

That the parties used the term "renewal" when referring to the stipulation is not controlling. Where a stipulation is called a "renewal" and the amount of rent for the additional period is not a set amount contained in the original lease but is subject to determination at the time of renewal, a new lease is indispensable. The Court of Appeals has also opined that a renewal rental amount was not uncertain if it were not a matter of negotiation and, in dicta, the court noted that the original lease need not fix all of the terms of the future term, but "may furnish a certain and definite method for their ascertainment and determination in the future." (Citations omitted.)

(Citations omitted.) Crystal Blue Granite Quarries v. McLanahan, 261 Ga. 267-268(1), 404 S.E.2d 266 (1991). When a stipulation merely lengthens the time upon terms and conditions stated in the lease, it is an extension and a new agreement is not required. Powell v. Norman Elec. Galaxy, 229 Ga.App. 99, 100(1), 493 S.E.2d 205 (1997). "`[R]enewal' contemplates the execution of a new contract, whereas `extension' does not. [Cits.]" Chalkley v. Ward, 119 Ga.App. 227, 229(1), 166 S.E.2d 748 (1969). Because a determination of the new rent was necessary here, renewal and a new lease were required.

To be enforceable,

[a] provision for the renewal of a lease must specify the terms and conditions of the renewal with such definite terms and certainty that the court may determine what has been agreed on, and if it falls short of this requirement it is not enforceable. It must be certain and definite both as to the time the lease is to extend and the rent to be paid. A provision for renewal need not presently fix all of the terms of the new lease; it may furnish a certain and definite method for their ascertainment and determination in the future. On the other hand, if terms, such as duration and rent, are left for future ascertainment, and no method is provided by which they are to be determined, the contract is unenforceable for uncertainty.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) McCormick v. Brockett, 167 Ga.App. 325-326, 306 S.E.2d 344 (1983) (renewal at the same rent offered by any reputable person not enforceable). A renewal provision is enforceable only if the terms are specified or a method is provided in the provision through which the terms can be ascertained. Asian Square Partners v. Ly, 238 Ga.App. 165, 166(1), 518 S.E.2d 166 (1999), citing Patellis v. 100 Galleria Parkway Assoc., 214 Ga.App. 154-155(1), 447 S.E.2d 113 (1994) (rental rate to "be negotiated in good faith" not enforceable).

In considering circumstances under which options to purchase agreements could be enforced, ...