Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center v. Allstate Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 20 January 2009
• Docket Number: 2007-11668.
• Parties: KINGSBROOK JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER, as Assignee of THRESIAMM VALIYAPARAMBIL, et al., Respondents, v. ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

61 A.D.3d 13

871 N.Y.S.2d 680

2009 NY Slip Op 00351

KINGSBROOK JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER, as Assignee of THRESIAMM VALIYAPARAMBIL, et al., Respondents, v. ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant.

2007-11668.

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, Second Department.

Decided January 20, 2009.

Stern & Montana, LLP, New York City (Richard Montana of counsel), for appellant.

Joseph Henig, P.C., Bellmore, for respondents.

OPINION OF THE COURT

DILLON, J.

We are asked to determine whether the definition of diagnosis and procedure codes adopted by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (hereinafter HHS) as part of its regulatory authority may be a proper subject for judicial notice under CPLR 4511. If so, we must also determine whether the defined diagnostic codes, in and of themselves, permit a finding that a patient's hospital care and treatment is wholly outside the scope of no-fault automobile coverage. Until now, we are not aware of any appellate court that has addressed the issue of whether the diagnosis and procedure codes key of the United States government can be judicially noticed by courts, so that it may then be used to decipher no-fault billing forms.

I. Relevant Facts

On July 3, 2006, George Hafford was injured in an automobile accident and received treatment at the plaintiff White Plains Hospital Center (hereinafter White Plains Hospital) from the date of the accident until August 22, 2006. Hafford was insured by the defendant, Allstate Insurance Company (hereinafter Allstate), under an automobile liability insurance policy that contained a no-fault endorsement. White Plains Hospital rendered a bill for its services to Hafford in the total sum of $26,979.83. Hafford assigned to White Plains Hospital the right to seek reimbursement from Allstate for the amount billed.

On November 7, 2006, White Plains Hospital, as assignee of Hafford, mailed to Allstate by certified mail, return receipt requested, NF-5 and UB-92 forms demanding payment of the sum of $26,979.83. The UB-92 form contained code numbers to identify the diagnoses that had been made of Hafford's conditions and the treatments provided to him in furtherance of the diagnoses. The delivery of the forms to Allstate on November 8, 2006 is not at issue. White Plains Hospital alleges that pursuant to Insurance Law § 5106 (a) and 11 NYCRR 65-3.8 (a) (1), Allstate's payment of no-fault benefits became due on December 8, 2006, but Allstate failed to make payment or issue a denial of claim.

This action ensued. Allstate's answer to the complaint set forth 11 affirmative defenses, including the "fourth" affirmative defense that the injuries for which Hafford received treatment did not arise out of the use or operation of an insured motor vehicle and, as such, are not covered by its policy of insurance.

The plaintiffs moved for summary judgment, submitting, in connection with the third cause of action asserted by White Plains Hospital, documentary evidence to establish the service by White Plains Hospital upon Allstate of the required billing documents for no-fault reimbursement and Allstate's failure to either pay the claim or issue an appropriate denial. Allstate opposed the motion and, by cross motion, sought summary judgment in its favor dismissing the complaint. With respect to the third cause of action asserted by White Plains Hospital, Allstate argued that it was entitled to summary judgment on the ground that the treatment afforded to Hafford was unrelated to his motor vehicle accident. Specifically, Allstate's counsel provided the court with the diagnosis and procedure codes key from the official Web site of HHS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Allstate requested that the Supreme Court take judicial notice of the codes and their definitions, as public documents. According to the codes key, Hafford's diagnoses and treatment at White Plains Hospital included rapid heart rate associated with infection, acute and chronic respiratory failure, heart damage caused by alcoholism, convulsions, potassium deficiency, blood poisoning, brain damage caused by lack of oxygen, and expectoration of blood. Allstate's counsel argued, without a supporting affidavit from a medical expert, that these code-defined conditions could not have been related to the automobile accident or, at least, raised an issue of fact as to whether the conditions arose from the accident.

The plaintiffs opposed Allstate's cross motion for summary judgment by raising two principal arguments in connection with the third cause of action. First, White Plains Hospital argued that the interpretation of the billing codes cannot be judicially noticed as it does not rest upon knowledge or sources widely accepted as unimpeachable. Second, White Plains Hospital argued that Allstate's counsel was not qualified as a medical expert to render an opinion on whether the hospital's care and treatment was, or was not, related to the underlying automobile accident.

In the order appealed from dated November 15, 2007, the Supreme Court held, with respect to the third cause of action, that White Plains Hospital established its demand upon proper forms that Allstate pay the sum of $26,979.83, and that Allstate failed to pay the claim or issue a denial of claim within the required 30 days thereafter (2007 NY Slip Op 34402[U]). With respect to Allstate's opposition and the cross motion, the Supreme Court implicitly took judicial notice of the HHS codes key and held that counsel's affirmation, which argued that invoiced treatment was unrelated to the automobile accident, was medically insufficient. The Supreme Court, inter alia, granted that branch of the plaintiffs' motion which was for summary judgment on the third cause of action asserted by White Plains Hospital. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the order insofar as appealed from.

II. The Payment of First-Party Benefits Under Insurance Law § 5106

Article 51 of the Insurance Law is known as the "Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act" and is commonly referred to as the "No-Fault Law." The purpose and objective of this statute is to "`assure claimants of expeditious compensation for their injuries through prompt payment of first-party benefits without regard to fault and without expense to them'" (New York Hosp. Med. Ctr. of Queens v Motor Veh. Acc. Indem. Corp., 12 AD3d 429, 430 [2004], quoting Dermatossian v New York City Tr. Auth., 67 NY2d 219, 225 [1986]).

Section 5106 of article 51 is entitled "Fair claims settlement" and provides, in pertinent part, that

"(a) Payments of first party benefits and additional first party benefits shall be made as the loss is incurred. Such benefits are overdue if not paid within thirty days after the claimant supplies proof of the fact and amount of loss sustained. If proof is not supplied as to the entire claim, the amount which is supported by proof is overdue if not paid within thirty days after such proof is supplied. All overdue payments shall bear interest at the rate of two percent per month. If a valid claim or portion was overdue, the claimant shall also be entitled to recover his attorney's reasonable fee, for services necessarily performed in connection with securing payment of the overdue claim, subject to limitations promulgated by the superintendent in regulations."

Pursuant to the statutory and regulatory framework governing the payment of no-fault benefits, insurance companies are required either to pay or deny a claim for first-party benefits within 30 days of receipt of the claim (see Insurance Law § 5106 [a]; 11 NYCRR 65-3.8 [a] [1]; [c]; Fair Price Med. Supply Corp. v Travelers Indem. Co., 10 NY3d 556, 563 [2008]; Hospital for Joint Diseases v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 44 AD3d 903 [2007]; New York & Presbyt. Hosp. v Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 5 AD3d 568, 569 [2004]). Within 10 business days after receipt of the claim notice, the insurer may send an initial request for verification of the claim (see 11 NYCRR 65-3.5 [a]). After receipt of verification, any additional verification required by the insurer to establish proof of claim shall be requested within 15 business days of receipt (see 11 NYCRR 65-3.5 [b]). The 30-day period in which to either pay or deny a claim is extended where the insurer makes a request for additional verification within the requisite 15-day time period (see Montefiore Med. Ctr. v Government Empls. Ins. Co., 34 AD3d 771 [2006]; New York & Presbyt. Hosp. v Allstate Ins. Co., 31 AD3d 512 [2006]). Thus, a timely additional verification request tolls the insurer's time within which to pay or deny a claim (see Fair Price Med. Supply Corp. v Travelers Indem. Co., 10 NY3d at 563; New York & Presbyt. Hosp. v Countrywide Ins. Co., 44 AD3d 729, 730 [2007]).

Eleven years ago, the New York Court of Appeals carved out a narrow exception to the requirement that an insurer must pay or deny a claim within the 30-day period prescribed by the No-Fault Law. The Court of Appeals held that an insurer "may assert a lack of coverage defense premised on the fact or founded belief that the alleged injury does not arise out of an insured incident" (Central Gen. Hosp. v Chubb Group of Ins. Cos., 90 NY2d 195, 199 [1997]; see Fair Price Med. Supply Corp. v Travelers Indem. Co., 10 NY3d at 563). The Court stressed, however, that the lack of coverage "exceptional exemption" does not apply where the insurer claims that the hospital treatments were medically excessive, since the defense of medical excessiveness seeks to excuse only part, but not all, of the nofault benefits (90 NY2d at 199, 202). Thus, where an insurer alleges excessive treatment as a basis for denying coverage, a denial of claim must be served within the time-sensitive deadline of the No-Fault Law, at least as to the portion of the demand that is deemed excessive.

Two years later in Mount Sinai Hosp. v Triboro Coach (263 AD2d 11 [1999]), this Court applied th...