Marriage of MacDonald, In re

• Decision Date: 21 November 1985
• Docket Number: No. 51224-8,51224-8
• Citation: 104 Wn.2d 745,709 P.2d 1196
• Parties: In re the MARRIAGE OF James H. MacDONALD, Respondent, and Joan C. Macdonald, Appellant.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

Page 745

104 Wn.2d 745

709 P.2d 1196

In re the MARRIAGE OF James H. MacDONALD, Respondent,

and

Joan C. Macdonald, Appellant.

No. 51224-8.

Supreme Court of Washington,

En Banc.

Nov. 21, 1985.

Jacobs & Jacobs, Thomas E. Jacobs, Puyallup, for appellant.

deMers & Thomson, Inc., P.S., Harrison H. deMers, Federal Way, for respondent.

DURHAM, Justice.

The primary issue raised in this appeal is if the Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act (USFSPA) applies to the division of "military retired pay" in this dissolution decree. This decree was filed during the period in which McCarty v. McCarty, 453 U.S. 210, 101 S.Ct. 2728, 69 L.Ed.2d 589 (1981), prohibited the division of military retired pay, but was on appeal when the USFSPA, which allows the division of military retired pay, was enacted. We hold that the USFSPA does apply and we remand the case to the trial court for reconsideration.

The MacDonalds were married on December 24, 1964. During 15 of the 17 years of their marriage, the husband was in the Air Force. As a result, the couple moved often, living in both community property and common law jurisdictions. The husband retired from the military in 1980 and began receiving military retired pay. At the time of trial he was working as a project manager for a defense contractor. The wife was working part time as a real estate agent.

A decree of dissolution of their marriage was filed October 14, 1982. The wife was awarded custody of the two children, with the husband to pay child support payments of $400 per month per child. The wife also received spousal maintenance of $800 per month for 3 years. The family home, in which there was approximately $30,000 in equity, was awarded to the wife. The husband's military retired pay was awarded to the husband as his separate property based on McCarty v. McCarty, supra, which held that a state court may not divide military retired pay as community property. With few exceptions, the court divided the couple's personal property as they had divided it at the time they separated.

The trial court awarded attorney fees to the wife. However, it deducted $500 from this award to compensate the husband for extra attorney fees resulting from a continuance that was requested by the wife's attorney.

The wife appealed the amount of the award of child support and spousal maintenance, the division of the personal property, the amount of attorney fees and the award of the military retired pay to the husband. The appeal was transferred to this court by the Court of Appeals.

We first address the application of the USFSPA to this division of property. Since 1975 it has been clear that under state law, military retired pay may be characterized as community property and divided in a dissolution. Wilder v. Wilder, 85 Wash.2d 364, 366-67, 534 P.2d 1355 (1975). However, in June 1981 the United States Supreme Court held that federal law governing military retired pay preempted state domestic relations laws and prohibited the division of military retired pay as community property in a dissolution. McCarty, 453 U.S. at 232-33, 101 S.Ct. at 2741-42. The trial court in this case followed McCarty when it awarded the military retired pay to the husband as his separate property.

On September 8, 1982, in response to widespread criticism of the result in McCarty, the USFSPA was signed into law. The effective date of the statute was February 1, 1983. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1983, Pub L. 97-252, § 1006(a), 96 Stat. 737 (1982). This statute returns to the states the authority to determine if military retired pay is to be treated as the separate property of the service member or if it is to be treated as the community property of the service member and spouse. 10 U.S.C. § 1408(c) (1982). Appellant wife asks that this statute be applied on appeal to the property division in this case. Respondent husband argues that the USFSPA should apply only to dissolution decrees filed after the effective date of the USFSPA.

A statute is presumed to have prospective application only. Everett v. State, 99 Wash.2d 264, 270, 661 P.2d 588 (1983). However, there are exceptions to this rule and the intent of the legislative body enacting the statute is the primary guide in determining if a statute is to be given retroactive effect. Lau v. Nelson, 92 Wash.2d 823, 826, 601 P.2d 527 (1979).

Although the effective date of the USFSPA is February 1, 1983, language in the statute indicates that it was intended to have retroactive effect. 10 U.S.C. § 1408(c)(1) states:

Subject to the limitations of this section, a court may treat disposable retired or retainer pay payable to a member for pay periods beginning after June 25, 1981 [date McCarty filed], either as property solely of the member or as property of the member and his spouse in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction of such court.

(Italics ours.) In addition, the legislative history of the USFSPA makes it clear that Congress intended to eliminate all effects of McCarty by allowing the state courts to modify decrees filed after McCarty. The Senate Report states:

The provisions of S. 1814 reversing the effect of the McCarty decision are retroactive to June 26, 1981, the date on which the U.S. Supreme Court issued that decision. That is, the committee intends the legislation to restore the law to what it was when the courts were permitted to apply State divorce laws to military retired pay. Former spouses divorced in the interim period between the McCarty decision and the effective date of this law will have the opportunity to return to court to have their decrees modified in light of this legislation. However, nothing in the bill would mandate payments out of retired pay which had been disbursed during the period between the date of the McCarty decision and the effective date of this legislation. The mechanism for direct payment of court orders for alimony, child support and property distribution would apply only to payments of retired pay for periods beginning on or after the effective date of this legislation.

S.Rep. 502, 97th Cong., 2d Sess. 5-6, reprinted in 1982 U.S. Code Cong. & Ad.News 1555, 1596, 1599-1600.

We have already determined that the USFSPA, rather than McCarty, applies to decrees filed prior to McCarty but on appeal during the period in which McCarty was decided and then overturned by the USFSPA. In re Marriage of Konzen, 103 Wash.2d 470, 473-74, 693 P.2d 97 (1985); In re Marriage of Smith, 100 Wash.2d 319, 323-24, 669 P.2d 448 (1983). Here we extend this rule to decrees filed after McCarty which are currently on appeal. Courts from other jurisdictions which have considered this issue have reached the same result. E.g., Walentowski v. Walentowski, 100 N.M. 484, 672 P.2d 657 (1983); Cameron v. Cameron, 641 S.W.2d 210, 212-13 (Tex.1982); Griggs v. Griggs, 107 Idaho 123, 125-27, 686 P.2d 68 (1984); In re Marriage of Hopkins, 142 Cal.App.3d 350, 355-61, 191 Cal.Rptr. 70 (1983); Coates v. Coates, 650 S.W.2d 307, 309-10 (Mo.Ct.App.1983); Steczo v. Steczo, 135 Ariz. 199, 200-01, 659 P.2d 1344 (Ct.App.1983); Chase v. Chase, 662 P.2d 944, 945-46 (Alaska 1983); Hartzell v. Hartzell, 434 So.2d 353, 354-55 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1983); Faught v. Faught, 67 N.C.App. 37, 47-48, 312 S.E.2d 504 (1984); Contra ...