McWhorter v. State, A97A1821

• Decision Date: 17 December 1997
• Docket Number: No. A97A1821,A97A1821
• Parties: , 98 FCDR 199 McWHORTER v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

Page 139

495 S.E.2d 139

229 Ga.App. 875, 98 FCDR 199

McWHORTER v. The STATE.

No. A97A1821.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

Dec. 17, 1997.

Rosemary M. Hathaway, Athens, for appellant.

Harry N. Gordon, District Attorney, Henry R. Thompson, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

HAROLD R. BANKE, Senior Appellate Judge.

Marvis McWhorter was convicted of aggravated assault. He enumerates three errors on appeal.

This case arose during the course of a hot summer evening while the victim and some acquaintances "hung out" behind an apartment building, watching a dice game. Price v. State, 222 Ga.App. 655, 657(2), 475 S.E.2d 692 (1996) (evidence on appeal must be viewed in a light most favorable to the verdict). McWhorter drove up and ordered one of the players to "leave everything on the ground." He subsequently jumped out of the car holding a gun with a red laser light attached to it in his hand. ¹ After warning the victim not to "be putting his business in the street," McWhorter pointed the gun at the victim's head, shining the laser light on the victim's face. At that point, the victim's sister jumped in front of the gun and talked to McWhorter until he got back in his car and left. Held:

1. McWhorter claims the trial court's interpretation of OCGA § 17-16-4 requires reversal. In a conversation with the arresting officer before McWhorter testified, defense counsel learned of the existence of a number of police reports, including McWhorter's in-custody statement, which the State had not previously provided her, although her client had "opted in" under OCGA § 17-16-2. She convinced the officer to allow her to copy the material. After learning of this, the prosecutor claimed that he had not obtained this material either and successfully asked the court to require McWhorter to provide the State with it. McWhorter claims, inter alia, that requiring him to provide this material offended due process and his rights to effective assistance of counsel and against self-incrimination.

Pretermitting McWhorter's arguments, because McWhorter had opted in to the reciprocal discovery provisions and the State in effect already had the material in its possession or certainly could have obtained the materials from the officer just as McWhorter did, we fail to see how he was harmed by this ruling. See Johnson v. State, 194 Ga.App. 501, 502(3), 391 S.E.2d 132 (1990). Nor does the record reveal that McWhorter raised his constitutional arguments in the trial court. Allen v. State, 224 Ga.App. 324, 326(5), 480 S.E.2d 328 (1997).

2. McWhorter claims reversal is required because the trial court permitted the State to use McWhorter's in-custody statements at trial in violation of the reciprocal discovery statute. OCGA § 17-16-4(a)(1) required the State to provide McWhorter "any relevant written or recorded statements made by the defendant." We decline to absolve the State from its responsibility to comply with this provision when the statement was known to the arresting officer and the record discloses no reason why it was not made available to the State's attorney prior to trial. See Moon v. State, 208 Ga.App. 540, 541(1)(b), 431 S.E.2d 128 (1993).

However, the testimony of the victim and his sister that an angry McWhorter pointed a gun at the victim's head, rendered the error harmless. Id. at 542(1), 431 S.E.2d 128. The evidence of aggravated assault was more than sufficient to satisfy Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319-320, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789-2790, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979).

Moreover, OCGA § 17-16-6 provides a number of alternative remedies for failure to comply with the discovery requirements, including simply ordering the State to permit the discovery. Because the court was authorized to remedy this matter by requiring disclosure and McWhorter obtained the statement before the State and has not alleged bad faith or made a showing of prejudice, we decline to find that the trial court abused its discretion by allowing the State to use McWhorter's statement. See Bell v. State, 224 Ga.App. 191, 192, 480 S.E.2d 241 (1997). Nor has McWhorter demonstrated how the State's violation of OCGA § 17-16-4(a) harmed him. ²

3. McWhorter raises several arguments challenging the trial court's admission of the testimony recounting his out-of-court statements. The impeaching testimony was provided in rebuttal by the detective who took McWhorter's statement.

First, McWhorter argues that the State failed to show compliance with Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). Insofar as the statement was introduced in rebuttal, after McWhorter denied making certain statements about participants in the game, and he has not challenged the jury instruction on the use of this testimony, this ground does not require reversal. Byars v. State, 198 Ga.App. 793, 794(2), 403 S.E.2d 82 (1991); see Brown v. State, 226 Ga.App. 140, 141, 486 S.E.2d 370 (1997).

McWhorter further maintains that the State failed to show, over objection, that his statement was voluntary. The State's use of an involuntary statement for any purpose violates due process. Fain v. State, 165 Ga.App. 188, 190(6), 300 S.E.2d 197 (1983). Once McWhorter raised the issue of involuntariness, he was entitled to a determination on that matter by the trial court before the statement could properly be used (but not a separate hearing under Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368, 84 S.Ct. 1774, 12 L.Ed.2d 908 (1964)). Fain, 165 Ga.App. at 190(6), 300 S.E.2d 197. The trial court made no such determination on the voluntariness of the statement. Nor are we persuaded by the State's contention that the arresting and investigating officers' statements on the issue satisfy that requirement. Accordingly, we must remand for such a...