Milton v. Oakland County

• Decision Date: 31 October 1973
• Docket Number: Docket No. 13550,No. 2,2
• Citation: 213 N.W.2d 250,50 Mich.App. 279
• Parties: Rodney MILTON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COUNTY OF OAKLAND, a Michigan constitutional corporation, et al., Defendants-Appellees
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 250

213 N.W.2d 250

50 Mich.App. 279

Rodney MILTON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COUNTY OF OAKLAND, a Michigan constitutional corporation, et al., Defendants-Appellees.

Docket No. 13550.

Court of Appeals of Michigan, Division No. 2.

Oct. 31, 1973.

Released for Publication Dec. 27, 1973.

Otis M. Underwood, Jr., Kuhn & Scupholm, Pontiac, for plaintiff-appellant.

Armand P. Deatrick, Oakland County Civil Counsel, Pontiac, for defendants-appellees.

Before BRONSON, P.J., and FITZGERALD and O'HARA,* JJ.

BRONSON, Presiding Judge.

Rodney Milton, plaintiff, instituted suit against the County of Oakland, defendant, for a violation of his employment rights secured by defendant's merit system. Defendant filed a motion for accelerated judgment upon the basis that plaintiff had filed a workmen's compensation claim which constituted his exclusive remedy. The trial judge granted defendant's motion, and plaintiff appeals as a matter of right.

Since the trial judge summarily disposed of this case, the only available facts are those which filtered through from the parties' briefs and lower court record. Although plaintiff's initiatory date of employment is contested, we find that he was promoted to the classification of Landscape Supervisor in 1968. Plaintiff contends that his immediate superior, the Superintendent of Lands and Grounds Division, was promoted and he assumed these duties. Plaintiff's request for recognition of his increased responsibilities or formal promotion was never acted upon by defendant. Based upon these events plaintiff alleges that he is entitled to either overtime for the additional hours he worked to satisfy these increased duties and responsibilities or back wages commensurate with the job classification he was performing. While defendant concedes that plaintiff was appointed Superintendent of Grounds, it denies that plaintiff's responsibilities concerned lands or that plaintiff performed the functions he claims.

The relationship between the parties subsequently deteriorated when plaintiff suffered muscular fatigue, fassiculation of the muscles of his arms and legs, and mental depression mixed with anxiety creating a nervous disorder. Plaintiff received medical treatment and was admittedly unable to workn or perform his employment duties and responsibilities. In an attempt to recover for these disabilities, plaintiff filed a workmen's compensation claim. During this period of plaintiff's absence from work, defendant deducted plaintiff's accumulated sick leave and annual leave. When plaintiff's leave was exhausted, defendant discharged him from its service.

On June 15, 1971, plaintiff challenged his discharge by filing an appeal with the Personnel Appeal Board. At the conclusion of the hearing, plaintiff's appeal was denied. Thereafter, plaintiff instituted suit in the Oakland County Circuit Court alleging (1) a right to compensation for the extra duties performed, (2) a violation of the merit system rules resulting from defendant's deduction of sick and annual leave time during his illness rather than granting him a leave of absence without pay as is customarily done, and (3) a wrongful discharge. Defendant responded by filing a motion for accelerated judgment upon the basis that plaintiff's workmen's compensation claim was his exclusive remedy. It is the circuit judge's approval of this motion that sets the stage for the present appeal.

We perceive the single significant issue raised for our consideration to be whether the Workmen's Compensation Act provides the exclusive remedy for plaintiff's alleged damages. We answer this question in the negative, believing that the haste with which summary disposition was sought obscured the purpose and scope of the Workmen's Compensation Act.

The exclusive-remedy section of the current Workmen's Compensation Act adopted verbatim the language of its predecessor ¹ during the 1969 reenactment as follows:

'Where the conditions of liability under this act exist, the right to the recovery of compensation benefits as provided in this act shall be the exclusive remedy against the employer.' M.C.L.A. § 418.131; M.S.A. § 17.237(131).

Since the act constitutes the exclusive remedy where the conditions of liability exist, section 301 appropriately controls the attachment of liability with the following provision:

'An employee, who receives a Personal injury arising out of and in the course of his employment * * *.' ² M.C.L.A. § 418.301; M.S.A. § 17.237(301). (Emphasis added.)

Moreover, section 141 evidences the Quid pro quo of the act by the abolition of the defenses available to an employer in exchange for the elimination of the employee's common-law tort action against the employer. Cf. Hebert v. Ford Motor Co., 285 Mich. 607, 281 N.W. 374 (1938).

Little more than a cursory review of these elemental sections of the act are necessary to reach the conclusion that the exclusive-remedy section constitutes a bar to an employee's suit against his employer for industrial injuries falling within the purview of the act. In Sheppard v. Michigan National Bank, 348 Mich. 577, 83 N.W.2d 614 (1957), the Court articulated the purpose of the act as providing a method of compensating workmen for industrial injuries upon the basis of trade risks relating to the industry and charged as a part of the cost to it. Similarly, the Court in Crilly v. Ballou, 353 Mich. 303, 308, 91 N.W.2d 493, 496 (1958), stated:

'The consuming public, not charity, public or private, must foot the bill for Work-incurred injuries.' (Emphasis added.)

Thus, we are struck with the obvious that the Workmen's Compensation Act is designed to compensate physical ³ and mental ⁴ work-related injuries.

A review of plaintiff's various claims in his civil suit against defendant reveal a combination of physical or mental injuries and damages created by defendant's alleged breach of the employment contract for violation of the governing merit system. It is beyond question that plaintiff's claims falling within this latter category, if proved, cannot be classified as industrial injuries within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act. While plaintiff's alleged injuries for muscle fatigue and mental depression fall within the act as his exclusive remedy, plaintiff has a right to judicial review of his claims for additional compensation, improper discharge, and violation of the merit-system rules. The distinction between compensation for industrial injuries and damages arising from the employment relationship which are contractual in nature is undeniable.

Our courts have found the exclusive-remedy bar inapplicable when the challenged injury is not sustained in the course of the employment or the injury is not compensable under the act. Crawley v. General Motors Truck Corp., 259 Mich. 503, 244 N.W. 143 (1932); Byrne v. Clark Equipent Co., 302 Mich. 167, 4 N.W.2d 509 (1942); and Moore v. Federal Department Stores, Inc., 33 Mich.App. 556, 190 N.W.2d 262 (1971); Panagos v. North Detroit General Hospital, 35 Mich.App. 554, 192 N.W.2d 542 (1971). Similarly, the exclusive-remedy bar is inapplicable to damages founded in contract. Plaintiff attempted to allocate his claims appropriately between his workmen's compensation action and civil action. The mere fact that the compensation remedy was sought simultaneously cannot destroy the separate identity of his contractual rights for which no compensation could be awarded. Plaintiff's damage claims fell outside the purview of the apparent scope of the act. Accordingly, the entry of the accelerated judgment is vacated and the case remanded for a trial.

Reversed and remanded. Costs to plaintiff.

O'HARA, Judge (concurring in result).

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