Oktibbeha County Bd. of Educ. v. Town of Sturgis, Miss.

• Decision Date: 07 September 1988
• Docket Number: No. 57938,57938
• Citation: 531 So.2d 585
• Parties: 49 Ed. Law Rep. 1094 OKTIBBEHA COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION v. TOWN OF STURGIS, MS.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 585

531 So.2d 585

49 Ed. Law Rep. 1094

OKTIBBEHA COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION v. TOWN OF STURGIS, MS.

No. 57938.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

Sept. 7, 1988.

Ben F. Hilburn, Jr., Starkville, for appellant.

J.P. Coleman, Thomas A. Coleman, Ackerman, for appellee.

Before HAWKINS, P.J., and GRIFFIN and ZUCCARO, JJ.

ZUCCARO, Justice, for the Court:

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

In 1985, the Oktibbeha County Board of Education filed a complaint against the Town of Sturgis, Mississippi, seeking to remove clouds from the title to two parcels of sixteenth section land which the Board claimed had been unlawfully leased in 1945 for a 99-year term. The Chancery Court of Oktibbeha County, holding that the 1945 lease was valid, found in favor of the defendant Town of Sturgis. From that decision, the Oktibbeha County Board of Education appeals.

FACTS

On August 3, 1942, the Oktibbeha County Board of Supervisors resolved to lease, for a period of twenty-five years, Lots 4 and 8 of Block 14 of the Town of Sturgis, Mississippi, located in Section 16, Township 17 North, Range 12 East. Pursuant to its order, the Board of Supervisors for a consideration of $20.00 leased these parcels of land to S.C. Turner under a sixteenth section lease effective August 4, 1942, and terminating August 3, 1967. This lease was recorded on August 25, 1942.

At the time of this 1942 lease, Section 211 of the Mississippi Constitution provided in part:

The legislature shall enact such laws as may be necessary to ascertain the true condition of the title to the sixteenth section lands in this state ... and shall provide that the sixteenth section lands reserved for the support of township schools shall not be sold, nor shall they be leased for a longer term than ten years for a gross sum; but the legislature may provide for the lease of any of said lands for a term not exceeding twenty-five years for a ground rental, payable annually....

(emphasis added). At the time of the lease, Section 6597 of the Mississippi Code of 1942, one of several statutes enacted under the mandate of Section 211 of the 1890 Constitution, similarly provided that sixteenth section lands within a city, town, or village "shall be leased ... for a term not exceeding twenty-five years, on condition of the payment annually of the rents reserved." (emphasis added).

Effective February 4, 1944, Section 211 of the Mississippi Constitution was amended to read as follows:

The Legislature shall enact such laws as may be necessary to ascertain the true condition of the title to the Sixteenth Section lands in this state, ..., and shall provide that the Sixteenth Section lands reserved for the support of township schools shall not be sold nor shall they be leased for a longer term than ten years for lands situated outside municipalities and for lands situated within municipalities for a longer term than 99 years, for a gross sum; provided further that existing leases of the Sixteenth Section lands situated in the municipalities of the state may, for a gross sum, be extended for a term of years not exceeding 99 years from the date of such extension,....

(emphasis added). The legislature did not amend Section 6597 of the Mississippi Code, however, until April 10, 1946, at which time Section 6597 was changed, by authority of the amended Section 211 of the Constitution, to provide that sixteenth section lands within a municipality could be leased for a term not exceeding ninety-nine (99) years. General Laws of Mississippi 1946, Ch. 443, Sec. 1.

On October 11, 1945, S.C. Turner and his wife conveyed to A.P. Jackson their interest in the two parcels of land which were the subject of their sixteenth section land lease. This conveyance was recorded on October 18, 1945.

On December 4, 1945--after Section 211 of the Constitution had been amended, but while Section 6597 of the Mississippi Code of 1942 still provided for a maximum lease term of twenty-five years--the Oktibbeha County Board of Supervisors resolved to lease, and did lease, the same two parcels of land, Lots 4 and 8, to Parker Jackson (A.P. Jackson) for a period of 99 years, beginning December 4, 1945. (This is the same Mr. Jackson to whom the Turners had earlier conveyed their interest in the By subsequent conveyances, the Town of Sturgis in 1984 acquired the leasehold interest in the two parcels of land, on which the Town wished to build a sewer lagoon.

                two lots.)   The two parcels were leased to Mr. Jackson for a total of $55.00 ($40.00 for Lot 4 and $15.00 for Lot 8), the rental value placed on the land by three independent appraisers
                

In 1985, the Oktibbeha County Board of Education filed a Complaint against the Town of Sturgis, seeking to confirm the Board's title, as trustee, to the land in question, and seeking to strike certain conveyances of the land in question as clouds upon the title. Regardless of those issues, by stipulation of counsel for the parties, the only issue before the trial court was whether or not the 99-year lease executed by the Board of Supervisors on December 4, 1945, was a valid, enforceable lease. (The question of inadequate consideration for the lease was not presented to the lower court.)

The chancellor concluded that the lease was valid and enforceable even though at the time of the lease the legislature had not yet amended Section 6597 to conform to the provisions mandated by amended Section 211 of the Mississippi Constitution. The chancellor's decision was based on his finding that the amendment to Section 211 was self-executing and, therefore, a conforming legislative enactment was not required in order to implement and make effective the provisions of the constitutional amendment.

The chancellor also found that even if Section 211 were not self-executing, the Oktibbeha Board of Education would be estopped, under the doctrine of after-acquired title, from asserting the invalidity of the lease.

From the chancellor's decision, the Oktibbeha Board of Education appeals, assigning three errors, only two of which require discussion:

I. DID THE CHANCELLOR ERR AS A MATTER OF LAW IN HIS FINDING THAT THE AMENDMENT TO SECTION 211 OF THE CONSTITUTION WAS SELF-EXECUTING AND DID NOT REQUIRE THE PASSAGE OF ANY NEW STATUTE TO IMPLEMENT THE AMENDMENT?

The parties cite no decisions directly on point, and we have found no decision of this Court stating conclusively whether or not the Section 211 amendment is self-executing. However, in Edwards v. Harper, 354 So.2d 256 (Miss.1978), this Court used language strongly suggesting that a conforming legislative enactment was necessary to implement Section 211. In Edwards, the Board of Supervisors of Rankin County, on September 2, 1946,--after the legislature had amended Section 6597 of the Mississippi Code to conform to the Section 211 amendment--extended a sixteenth section land lease for 99 years. This Court upheld the validity of the extension, stating: "We hold that the applicable sections of our constitution and legislative enactments ... as they existed on September 2, 1946, authorized the extensions...." 354 So.2d at 258 (emphasis added). Other language from the Edwards opinion further suggests that Section 211 is not self-executing, but requires enabling legislation:

As authorized by constitutional Sec. 211 ... the legislature by General Laws of Mississippi Chapter 443, Sec. 3, ... in clear and explicit language authorized, upon proper application, extensions of existing leases of sixteenth section lands within a municipality "for a term not exceeding ninety-nine (99) years from the date of such extension for a gross sum."

354 So.2d at 257-58. See also Yazoo County v. Falkner, 209 Miss. 641, 48 So.2d 137 (1950); Smith v. McCullen, 195 Miss. 34, 13 So.2d 319 (1943).

The Town of Sturgis argues correctly that this Court has found certain other sections of the Mississippi Constitution self-executing. In State v. Gulf, M. & N. R. Co., 138 Miss. 70, 104 So. 689 (1925), where the validity of the Income Tax Act of 1924 was at issue, Section 30 of that Act was challenged because it did not prescribe the conditions by which a defaulting taxpayer could exercise his right, explicitly granted under Section 79 of the Constitution, to redeem real estate sold for non-payment On the other hand, constitutional Section 80, which directs the legislature to make laws to prevent the abuse by municipalities of their powers of assessment, taxation, borrowing, and contracting, has been held by this Court to be not self-executing. Spencer v. Mayor & Board of Aldermen, 215 Miss. 160, 60 So.2d 562 (1952); Turner v. City of Hattiesburg, 98 Miss. 337, 53 So. 681 (1910).

of taxes. Section 79 directed that those conditions be prescribed by law. In holding that the omission of the conditions for redemption did not invalidate Section 30, the Court stated that Section 79 of the Constitution is self-executing. 138 Miss. at 107, 104 So. at 692. This Court also has held that Section 17 of the Constitution is self-executing. Dorsey v. County of Adams, 246 Miss. 369, 149 So.2d 493 (1963); Parker v. State Highway Commission, 173 Miss. 213, 162 So. 162 (1935). Section 17 provides that "[p]rivate property shall not be taken or damaged for public use, except on due compensation being first made to the owner or owners thereof, in a manner to be prescribed by law...."

There is an obvious distinction between Sections 17 and 79, which have been held to be self-executing, and Section 80, which has been held to be not self-executing: both Sections 17 and 79 grant distinct individual constitutional rights. Section 17 grants the right of due compensation in eminent domain proceedings; Section 79 grants the right of redemption from all real estate sales made for non-payment of taxes. Section 80, however, grants no such rights. When a constitutional provision grants a distinct right, the provision is self-executing and requires no legislation to effectuate it. 16 Am.Jur.2d, Constitutional Law, Sec....