People v. Edmead
| Decision Date | 26 August 2021 |
| Docket Number | 517 KA 19-00587 |
| Parties | THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT, v. HEATH EDMEAD, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. |
| Court | New York Supreme Court |
ADAM H. VANBUSKIRK, AUBURN, FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
HEATH EDMEAD, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT PRO SE.
JON E BUDELMANN, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, AUBURN (ERICH D. GROME OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., LINDLEY, TROUTMAN, BANNISTER, AND DEJOSEPH, JJ.
Appeal from a judgment of the Cayuga County Court (Mark H. Fandrich A.J.), rendered January 8, 2019. The judgment convicted defendant upon a jury verdict of grand larceny in the third degree and grand larceny in the fourth degree.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of grand larceny in the third degree (Penal Law § 155.35 [1]) and grand larceny in the fourth degree (§ 155.30 [1]), arising from an incident in which he gave two checks to the victims as payment for a tractor and trailer, and the checks were dishonored. Contrary to defendant's contention in his main and pro se supplemental briefs, the evidence is legally sufficient to support the conviction (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495 [1987]). Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People (see People v Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 621 [1983]), we conclude that there is a "valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences" that could lead a rational person to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant had the intent to steal the property when he took the tractor and trailer from the victims (People v Delamota, 18 N.Y.3d 107, 113 [2011]; see generally People v Abeel, 67 A.D.3d 1408, 1409-1410 [4th Dept 2009]). We reject defendant's contention in his pro se supplemental brief that, because he issued post-dated checks, that negated the requisite intent to steal, thereby rendering the evidence legally insufficient. There was evidence from which the jury could have concluded that the checks were not post-dated, and even assuming, arguendo, that the jury concluded that the checks were post-dated, we conclude that "[t]he jury was entitled to infer that defendant had the requisite intent to commit... larceny" based on the evidence at trial (People v Reed, 163 A.D.3d 1446, 1448 [4th Dept 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1067 [2018]; see also Abeel, 67 A.D.3d at 1409-1410). Furthermore, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349 [2007]), we reject defendant's contention in his main and pro se supplemental briefs that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495).
Defendant further contends in his main brief that he was denied his constitutional and statutory rights to a speedy trial. Upon our review of the relevant factors (see People v Taranovich, 37 N.Y.2d 442, 445 [1975]), we conclude that defendant was not deprived of his constitutional right to a speedy trial (see People v Hewitt, 144 A.D.3d 1607 1608 [4th Dept 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1185 [2017]), and we note in particular that "there is a complete lack of any evidence that the defense was impaired by reason of the delay" (People v Benjamin, 296 A.D.2d 666, 667 [3d Dept 2002]; see People v Schillawski, 124 A.D.3d 1372, 1373 [4th Dept 2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1207 [2015]; see generally People v Pulvino, 115 A.D.3d 1220, 1222-1223 [4th Dept 2014], lv denied 23 N.Y.3d 1024 [2014]). In addition, we note that the majority of the delay is attributable to adjournments granted at defendant's request to permit him to address charges in other jurisdictions (see generally People v Mack, 126 A.D.3d 657, 657 [1st Dept 2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1167 [2015]).
We further conclude that defendant's statutory right to a speedy trial was not violated (see CPL 30.30 [1] [a]). We conclude that defendant met his initial burden "of alleging that the People were not ready for trial within the statutorily prescribed time period" (People v Allard, 28 N.Y.3d 41, 45 [2016]), and that the burden therefore shifted to the People to demonstrate "sufficient excludable time" (People v Kendzia, 64 N.Y.2d 331, 338 [1985]). Nevertheless, we reject defendant's contention that County Court erred in concluding that the People established that sufficient time was excludable from the speedy trial calculation. With respect to defendant's challenge to the delay prior to arraignment in local court, in computing the time within which the People must be ready for trial, the court must exclude, inter alia, the period of delay resulting from defendant's absence (see CPL 30.30 [4] [c] [i]). "A defendant must be considered absent whenever his location is unknown and he is attempting to avoid apprehension or prosecution, or his location cannot be determined by due diligence" (id.), and" '[t]he police are not required to search for a defendant indefinitely'" (People v Williams, 137 A.D.3d 1709, 1710 [4th Dept 2016]; see People v Butler, 148 A.D.3d 1540, 1541 [4th Dept 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1090 [2017]). Here, the People established that they undertook sufficient efforts to locate defendant until such time as he was eventually located after his arrest under a different name in New York City. Thus, we conclude that the People exercised due diligence in attempting to locate defendant during the time period at issue, and therefore the time that defendant challenges prior to his arraignment in local court was properly excluded from the speedy trial calculation (see People v Anderson, 188 A.D.3d 1699, 1700-1701 [4th Dept 2020], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1055 [2021]; cf. Williams, 137 A.D.3d at 1710-1711).
Several other periods of time are properly charged to the People for speedy trial purposes. The 45 days between defendant's arraignment in local court on November 20, 2015, and the People's written statement of readiness on January 4, 2016, is not excludable (see generally People v Brown, 28 N.Y.3d 392, 403-404 [2016]). Similarly, the two-week adjournment that the People requested on March 28, 2016 to respond to previously served motions, and the 21 days between September 6, 2016 and September 27, 2016 that the People requested for the same reason, are chargeable to them for speedy trial purposes (see e.g. People v Figueroa, 15 A.D.3d 914, 915 [4th Dept 2005]; see generally People v Anderson, 66 N.Y.2d 529, 536-538 [1985]). Defendant's challenge to the period between April and July 2016, however, lacks merit because the record reflects that defendant's standby defense counsel requested an adjournment of part of that time (see People v Yannarilli, 191 A.D.3d 1327, 1329 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 961 [2021]; People v Williams, 41 A.D.3d 1252, 1254 [4th Dept 2007]), and because that period of delay was the result of defendant's motion for a Wade hearing. In other words, the delay was completely "attributable to defense motions" (People v Piquet, 46 A.D.3d 1438, 1439 [4th Dept 2007], lv denied 10 N.Y.3d 770 [2008]). Defendant failed to preserve his contention that the People are responsible for a delay in providing the grand jury minutes because he did not challenge any specific time period in the motion court (see People v Beasley, 16 N.Y.3d 289, 292-293 [2011]). In any event, the record establishes that the People provided those minutes within a reasonable time (see People v Rucker, 132 A.D.2d 968, 969 [4th Dept 1987], lv denied 70 N.Y.2d 803 [1987]; see generally People v Harris, 82 N.Y.2d 409, 413 [1993]) and therefore that period of time is not chargeable to the People.
Thus, after taking into consideration excludable periods of time, we conclude that the People announced readiness for trial well within the statutory six-month time frame (see People v Harrison, 171 A.D.3d 1481, 1482 [4th Dept 2019]). Contrary to defendant's further contention, the filing of the superseding indictment did not render the People's prior announcements of readiness invalid. To the contrary, (People v Stone, 265 A.D.2d 891, 892 [4th Dept 1999], lv denied 94 N.Y.2d 907 [2000]; see People v McCullars, 126 A.D.3d 1469, 1470 [4th Dept 2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1167 [2015]; see generally People v Sinistaj, 67 N.Y.2d 236, 239-240 [1986]). Nor did the filing of the superseding indictment render the People's statements of readiness on the first indictment illusory. It is well settled that a statement of readiness is not illusory where, as here, the People are able to proceed to trial upon the original indictment at the time the statement is made (see People v Brown, 269 A.D.2d 809, 809 [4th Dept 2000], affd 96 N.Y.2d 80 [2001]; People v Hewitt, 144 A.D.3d 1607, 1607-1608 [4th Dept 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1185 [2017]; People v Watkins, 17 A.D.3d 1083, 1083 [4th Dept 2005], lv denied 5 N.Y.3d 771 [2005]).
We reject defendant's contention in his main and pro se supplemental briefs that the court erred in permitting the People to amend the theory of the prosecution from larceny by issuing a bad check to larceny by false promises and false pretenses. The superseding indictment and the pertinent bill of particulars did not specify a theory of larceny. Additionally," '[t]he People are not required to specify any particular theory of larceny in the indictment... [, and t]he present indictment and discovery provided sufficient information to prepare and present a defense'" (People v Francis, 78 A.D.3d 1559, 1559 [4th Dept 2010]; see generally People v Pillich, ...
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