People v. Olson

• Decision Date: 13 December 1989
• Docket Number: No. A044743,A044743
• Citation: 216 Cal.App.3d 601,264 Cal.Rptr. 817
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Gary Kearny OLSON, Defendant and Appellant.

Page 817

264 Cal.Rptr. 817

216 Cal.App.3d 601

The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Gary Kearny OLSON, Defendant and Appellant.

No. A044743.

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 5, California.

Dec. 13, 1989.

John K. Van de Kamp, Atty. Gen., Richard B. Iglehart, Chief Asst. Atty. Gen., John H. Sugiyama, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Stan M. Helfman, Supervising Deputy Atty. Gen., and Sharon G. Birenbaum, Deputy Atty. Gen., San Francisco, for plaintiff and respondent.

Colleen Butler, San Francisco, for defendant and appellant.

KING, Associate Justice.

We publish our opinion in this case because we believe it involves a legal issue of continuing public interest, that is, the unnecessary burden placed on California taxpayers and on an already overburdened Attorney General's office and Court of Appeal by meritless and even frivolous criminal appeals. Without sacrificing fairness or the rights of defendants, we owe the public an efficient and economical criminal justice system.

Gary Kearny Olson appeals a judgment of conviction for statutory rape, alleging sentencing error.

Olson entered a negotiated plea of guilty to a charge of unlawful sexual intercourse with a female under age 18 (Pen.Code, § 261.5) and admitted three prior prison terms (Pen.Code, § 667.5, subd. (b)). The trial court dismissed all remaining counts and sentenced him to the upper term of three years and three consecutive one-year enhancements.

At the sentencing hearing, the following colloquy occurred:

"[PROSECUTOR]: As far as giving a reason for the aggravated term, I simply suggest the court state that the defendant's prior convictions are numerous.

"THE COURT: That is obviously the basis at this stage. The court notes the dismissed charges, of course, but notes the three prison priors that the defendant has already had and under those circumstances and in light of the nature of those priors, the court at this time will find the defendant is a person who is not amenable to probation and that the appropriate term would be the aggravated term. That it is also true in the light of the particular allegations in [the count to which Olson pleaded guilty]."

Olson claims the trial court's statement violates Penal Code section 1170, subdivision (b), which prohibits imposing an upper term "by using the fact of any enhancement upon which sentence is imposed under Section 667.5...." To the extent this is true, the error is harmless. (See People v. Jackson (1987) 196 Cal.App.3d 380, 392, 242 Cal.Rptr. 1.)

California Rules of Court, rule 440, ¹ provides that where a negotiated guilty plea specifies the punishment, recital of that agreement on the record constitutes adequate reason for imposing the specified punishment. Olson expressly agreed to a maximum prison term of six-years, comprised of the upper term for statutory rape and three one-year enhancements. Since no further reason need be given, it is not necessary to remand for resentencing, for "[i]t is not reasonably probable that a more favorable sentence would have been imposed in the absence of the error." (People v. Avalos (1984) 37 Cal.3d 216, 233, 207 Cal.Rptr. 549, 689 P.2d 121.)

If this were a civil case we would unhesitatingly have utilized our power to curb the filing of frivolous appeals by imposing substantial monetary sanctions. Because this is an appeal of a criminal case, we are powerless to do anything about it. However, prosecutors and trial judges can do something about it and we encourage them to do so.

Many frivolous criminal appeals--taken at taxpayer expense--are filed each year. Little can or should be done to affect appeals in criminal cases which have gone to trial, but a powerful tool is available in those cases where a negotiated plea is entered. In cases where the defendant negotiates to receive an agreed-upon sentence (and the additional benefit of dismissal of other charges pending against him), prosecutors and trial judges should consider obtaining the defendant's waiver of the right to appeal as part of the negotiated plea. ²

Here, the defendant was going to state prison and, as is almost always true in such cases, his sole interest was how much time he would have to serve. It was only after sentence had been imposed, other charges had been dismissed, and the defendant had received the agreed-upon sentence, that he decided to appeal. And why not? The appeal is financed by the taxpayers and the defendant has nothing to lose. In most such cases the defendant has no real interest in an appeal and would agree to waive his right thereto as part of the negotiated plea. Even an express statutory right to appeal (Pen.Code, § 1538.5, subd. (m)) may be waived as part of a negotiated plea. (See People v. Charles (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 552, 217 Cal.Rptr. 402 for an excellent discussion of this subject.)

It is worthwhile to consider the cost to taxpayers of processing frivolous appeals. Recently the Second Appellate District determined that the cost to the state of processing, renewing and deciding an average appeal in that district was $3,995.00. (Young v....