People v. Robinson

• Decision Date: 30 December 1963
• Parties: , 196 N.E.2d 261 The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Willie James ROBINSON and Ernest Jackson, Appellants, and Alphonso Williams, Defendant.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

Page 623

246 N.Y.S.2d 623

13 N.Y.2d 296, 196 N.E.2d 261

The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Willie James ROBINSON and Ernest Jackson, Appellants, and Alphonso Williams, Defendant.

Court of Appeals of New York.

Dec. 30, 1963.

Herald P. Fahringer, Jr., Buffalo, for Ernest Jackson, appellant.

Harold J. Boreanaz and John G. Putnam, Jr., Buffalo, for Willie James Robinson, appellant.

George R. Blair, Dist. Atty. (Leonard F. Walentynowicz, Buffalo, of counsel), for respondent.

BURKE, Judge.

On April 20, 1959 the defendant, Jackson, shortly after he had been released in the custody of his attorney by the Buffalo, New York, police, was arrested at his home. The Next day at about 9:30 A.M. he was arraigned on a vagrancy charge. After being questioned on two separate occasions on the 21st, Jackson was placed in a cell for the night. In the next cell was a man named Bradley who was acquainted with Jackson. During the course of a conversation between the two men, Jackson made damaging statements concerning a robbery and homicide which were admitted at the trial over the objection of defendant's counsel.

Jackson was arraigned on the charge of murder in the first degree on April 22. Thereafter on the morning of April 23, Bradley pursuant to a plan conceived by the police on the evening of April 21, again engaged Jackson in a conversation which was overheard by the police. These statements of Jackson, although not introduced at the trial, divulged the place where guns had been concealed.

On April 25 the police, without a search warrant, searched the attic of the house where Jackson resided and found the guns concealed in the location mentioned by Jackson to Bradley. According to the testimony of police officers a prior search was conducted on April 21 which led them to believe the guns were not in the attic. It is evident that until they overheard Jackson's admissions on April 23 they did not know of the hiding place of the guns.

Defendant Jackson's conviction rests largely upon the statements and the possession of the guns.

The admission, therefore, by the trial court of such evidence was highly prejudicial to the defendant and constitutes reversible error.

All postarraignment statements made in the absence of counsel are inadmissible. (People v. Meyer, 11 N.Y.2d 162, 227 N.Y.S.2d 427, 182 N.E.2d 103; People v. Davis, 13 N.Y.2d 690, 241 N.Y.S.2d 172, 191 N.E.2d 674.) Where, as here, the arraignment on a vagrancy charge is merely a sham (People v. Davis, supra) the admissions are excluded because they were made during a period when the detention was merely a pretext for holding the defendant in connection with the investigation of the homicide.

As to the use of the guns unearthed in the attic of the house where Jackson resided, we are compelled by decisions of the United States Supreme Court ot apply the rule that, if the evidence to which objection is made was acquired by exploitation of the primary illegality, such evidence must also be excluded. (Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 488, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed. 441; see also, Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 81 S.Ct. 1684, 6 L.Ed.2d 1081; Silverthorne Lbr. Co. v. United States, 251 U.S. 385, 392, 40 S.Ct. 182, 64 L.Ed. 319; Nardone v. United States, 308 U.S. 338, 340-341, 60 S.Ct. 266, 84 L.Ed. 307.) The guns were the 'fruit' of the inadmissible incriminating statements made to Bradley which led to the search without a warrant. (Cf. People v. Rodriguez, 11 N.Y.2d 279, 286, 229 N.Y.S.2d 353, 356-357, 183 N.E.2d 651, 653-654; Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 487-488, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441, supra; see United States v. Paroutian, 299 F.2d 486 (2d Cir., 1962).) Under the circumstances, it is incumbent upon the District Attorney to show that the location of the guns was discovered through a source untainted by the admissions. Instead, the record reflects that, prior to the making of these admissions, the police had not found the guns in the attic, which th...