People v. Saunders

• Decision Date: 07 August 1991
• Docket Number: No. F014429,F014429
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Karl Stewart SAUNDERS, Defendant and Appellant.

Page 212

284 Cal.Rptr. 212

232 Cal.App.3d 1592

The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Karl Stewart SAUNDERS, Defendant and Appellant.

No. F014429.

Court of Appeal, Fifth District, California.

Aug. 7, 1991.

[232 Cal.App.3d 1593] Frances C. Huey, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, Sacramento, for defendant and appellant.

Daniel E. Lungren, Atty. Gen., Richard B. Iglehart, Chief Asst. Atty. Gen., Arnold O. Overoye, Asst. Atty. Gen., Michael J. Weinberger and Susan Rankin Bunting, Deputy Attys. Gen., Sacramento, for plaintiff and respondent.

OPINION

THAXTER, Associate Justice.

PENAL CODE SECTION 290¹ requires registration of persons convicted of various sex offenses, including assault with intent to commit rape or sodomy under section 220. The statute does not expressly require registration upon conviction of assault with intent to commit oral copulation, another crime listed in section 220, but does so for conviction of felonious oral copulation and attempted oral copulation. Although we see no reason for this legislative choice, we also see no means by which the registration requirement can be upheld in this instance. We therefore strike the registration requirement.

STATEMENT OF CASE

Appellant Karl Stewart Saunders ² was charged by information with three felonies: forcible oral copulation (§ 288a, subd. (c)), forcible penetration of genital or anal opening with a foreign object (§ 289, subd. (a)), and commission of a lewd or lascivious act upon a child under the age of 14 (§ 288, subd. (a)). Several enhancement allegations were also included in the charging document. After entering a plea of not guilty to all counts and denying the enhancement allegations, appellant entered into a bargain with the prosecution whereby the prosecution amended the information to add a fourth count charging a violation of section 220. ³ Appellant then entered a plea of nolo contendere to the newly added count 4, and the three original counts were dismissed on the prosecution's motion. Before accepting appellant's plea, the court advised him that one of the consequences of the plea was that he would be required to register as a sex offender. Appellant stated that he understood that requirement.

Pursuant to the plea bargain, appellant was sentenced to the mitigated term of two years. The sentencing court directed appellant to register as a sex offender pursuant to section 290.

Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Although no certificate of probable cause was included in the notice of appeal (§ 1237.5), such a certificate is not required because the only area of contention is sentencing error. (People v. Sumstine (1984) 36 Cal.3d 909, 915, fn. 3, 206 Cal.Rptr. 707, 687 P.2d 904; People v. Garner (1985) 165 Cal.App.3d 145, 150, 211 Cal.Rptr. 267.)

Because the facts underlying appellant's conviction are irrelevant to the issue raised on appeal, we omit a statement of facts.

DISCUSSION

Appellant's sole contention on appeal is that the court exceeded its jurisdiction by ordering appellant to register as a sex offender under section 290.

By its express terms, section 290 requires registration of "Any person who ... is hereafter convicted in this state of the offense of assault with intent to commit rape or sodomy under Section 220, ..."

In entering his nolo contendere plea to count 4, appellant was pleading to a charged violation of section 220. That violation, however, was expressly described by the prosecutor in amending the information to include count 4 as "assault to intent of oral copulation [sic ]." And assault with intent to commit oral copulation was the precise charge to which appellant entered his plea:

"MR. MC GILLVARY [prosecutor]: Thank you, your Honor. Sir, it's alleged in new Count 4 of the Information, that on or about October 31 of 1989, that you did willfully and unlawfully assault [minor victim], with the intent to orally copulate her, in violation of section 220 of the Penal Code, a felony. To that, sir, what is your plea?

"THE DEFENDANT: No contest."

Section 220 proscribes several different aggravated assaults, as follows:

"Every person who assaults another with intent to commit mayhem, rape, sodomy, oral copulation, or any violation of Section 264.1, 288 or 289 is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, four, or six years."

Appellant argues that, as section 290 does not require all violators of section 220 to register as sex offenders, and specifically does not require those who assault with intent to commit oral copulation under section 220 to register as sex offenders, the superior court had no power to direct him to so register.

Respondent's position is that the failure to mention assault with intent to commit oral copulation in section 290 was an oversight by the Legislature and the statute must be read to include the offense to which appellant pleaded, assault with intent to commit oral copulation.

Appellant's key point is that recent revisions to section 290 have mentioned only two of the offenses proscribed by section 220 as requiring registration: assault with intent to commit rape and assault with intent to commit sodomy. Appellant maintains the statute is unambiguous and thus not subject to judicial interpretation.

Appellant also cites People v. Tye (1984) 160 Cal.App.3d 796, 206 Cal.Rptr. 813 and People v. Brun (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 951, 260 Cal.Rptr. 850. In Tye, the Second Appellate District held (at p. 802, 206 Cal.Rptr. 813) that "The fundamental legislative purpose underlying section 290 is to assure persons convicted of the crimes enumerated therein shall be readily available for police surveillance at all times because the Legislature has deemed them likely to commit similar offenses in the future." Tye, charged with lewd and lascivious conduct (§ 288, subd. (a)) and battery (§ 242), was convicted of the battery and of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, a lesser included offense of the charged lewd and lascivious conduct. The court held that neither battery nor contributing to the delinquency of a minor was a registerable offense under section 290. (Id. at pp. 802-803, 206 Cal.Rptr. 813.)

In Brun, the Third District faced the similar question of what conduct permits a court to order a convicted defendant to register under the narcotics users registration statute (Health & Saf.Code, § 11590). The court applied the doctrine of expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of certain things in a statute necessarily involves exclusion of other things not expressed), finding that Brun's conviction for possession of methamphetamine for sale (Health & Saf.Code, § 11378), not being listed in Health and Safety Code section 11590, did not permit the court to require registration. In so holding, the court analogized to section 290, citing Tye. (212 Cal.App.3d at p. 954, 260 Cal.Rptr. 850.)

The rule of expressio unius est exclusio alterius relied on in Brun is, however, subordinate to the primary rule that legislative intent governs the interpretation of a statute. (In re Joseph B. (1983) 34 Cal.3d 952, 957, 196 Cal.Rptr. 348, 671 P.2d 852.)

In determining the legislative intent, we cannot ignore either the language or the history of the statute itself. When the current section 290 (which took effect January 1, 1988) was enacted in 1985, it required registration for "[a]ny person who ... has been or is hereafter convicted in this state of ... any offense defined in Section ... 220...." (Stats.1985, ch. 1474, § 2, p. 5406.) Under this language, appellant's offense would plainly have required registration.

In 1986, however, section 290 was amended so that, when it took effect in 1988, it would require registration for "[a]ny person who ... has been or is hereafter convicted in this state of the offense of assault with intent to commit rape or sodomy under Section 220...." (Stats.1986, ch. 1299, § 7, p. 4600.) No longer were all offenses defined by section 220 automatically included in the statute's purview, and (in reference to the instant case) no longer was assault with intent to commit oral copulation included. This language has continued through to the current revision.

"It is a settled principle of statutory construction that a material change in the phraseology of a legislative enactment is ordinarily viewed as showing an intention on the part of the Legislature to change the meaning of the statute." (Farmers Ins. Exch. v. Geyer (1967) 247 Cal.App.2d 625, 634, 55 Cal.Rptr. 861.) When the change in the language...