Pollock v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal.

• Decision Date: 24 November 1967
• Citation: 256 Cal.App.2d 307,64 Cal.Rptr. 66
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: Oren V. POLLOCK, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, a corporation, Defendant and Respondent. Civ. 23268.

Page 66

64 Cal.Rptr. 66

256 Cal.App.2d 307

Oren V. POLLOCK, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, a corporation, Defendant and Respondent.

Civ. 23268.

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 3, California.

Nov. 24, 1967.

Hearing Denied Jan. 17, 1968.

Nichols, Williams, Morgan & Digardi, Oakland, Cyril Viadro, San Francisco, for appellant.

Joseph T. Richards, Oakland, for respondent.

DRAPER, Presiding Justice.

Can a court, after denying motion for new trial but within the period allowed for passing upon that motion, vacate the denial on a motion under Code of Civil Procedure, section 473? That is our question.

Although distracting, chronology seems required. In this action for personal injuries, the injury returned a verdict for plaintiff by 9 to 3 vote, with juror Burns voting with the majority. Judgment was entered June 10, 1965, and notice of entry was served on defendant June 11. Defendant's notice of intention to move for new trial was served and filed June 21. Irregularity in proceedings of the jury was a stated ground, but no affidavit supporting it was filed. Motion for new trial was denied July 9. On July 12, juror Burns telephoned the trial judge and said that she had, on her voir dire examination, concealed a bias for the plaintiff. The judge met with both counsel the next day, and advised them of Mrs. Burns' communication to him. On July 21 defendant filed and served a motion under section 473 to vacate the order denying new trial. Affidavits detailing due diligence were filed. The motion also was accompanied by affidavits of defense counsel and an investigator that they had interviewed Mrs. Burns July 13, and that she had said to them that at the time of voir dire she had concealed a bias in favor of the plaintiff which stemmed from the fact of a comparable injury some years ago to her father, with whom she tended to identify plaintiff herein. They also averred that Mrs. Burns had been hospitalized, and therefore was unavailable to execute her own affidavit. On July 30, a supporting declaration by Mrs. Burns, who had left the hospital that day, was filed. The motion was heard August 9. The next day the court granted the motion to vacate the order denying new trial and to vacate the judgment. Plaintiff appeals.

The rule is clear that a juror's intentional concealment, on voir dire of a state of mind which would prevent his action impartially constitutes irregularity for which a new trial may be granted under subdivisions 1 and 2 of the statute (Code Civ.Proc. § 657) authorizing the grant of such trial (Williams v. Bridges, 140 Cal.App. 537, 35 P.2d 407; see also Kollert v. Cundiff, 50 Cal.2d 768, 772, 329 P.2d 897; Kraus v. Disney Productions, Inc., 221 Cal.App.2d 736, 740, 34 Cal.Rptr. 702; Crespo v. Cook, 168 Cal.App.2d 360, 361, 336 P.2d 31). These decisions also establish an exception to the general rule, in addition to that provided by subdivision 2 of section 657, by permitting affidavits of jurors to be used to impeach their verdict.

Plaintiff argues that grant or denial of a motion for new trial exhausts the jurisdiction of the trial court, and precludes modification or vacation of the order by it. But the authority cited for this proposition (Hunydee v. Superior Court etc., 198 Cal.App.2d 430, 17 Cal.Rptr. 856) does not sustain it. The opinion does contain (p. 433, 17 Cal.Rptr. 856) the statement relied upon by appellant. But this is by no means the holding. Hunydee holds merely that judicial error is correctible only by procedures established by law. There the order vacating was made by the court on its own motion, obviously to correct a mistake of law expressed by the court when it granted the new trial on the preceding day. Like similar statements contained in the cases it cites, the language of Hunydee on which appellant relies is but dictum.

In none of these cases was the motion to vacate made under section 473. Although we find no direct holding that an order granting or denying new trial may be vacated on such a motion, statements to this effect have been made by our Supreme Court (Frost v. Los Angeles Ry. Co., 165 Cal. 365, 368, 132 P. 442; see Drinkhouse v. Van Ness, 202 Cal. 359, 369, 260 P. 869). In view of the liberal interpretation to be given to section 473 (see Dingwall v. Vangas, Inc., 218 Cal.App.2d 108, 32 Cal.Rptr. 351, and cases there cited), we prefer to follow the suggestion of Frost and Drinkhouse, rather than the more restrictive Hunydee dictum.

Plaintiff contends that the affidavits of attorney and investigator filed July 21 cannot be considered, because filed too late. Although declarations supporting motion for new trial must be filed within 10 days after service of the notice of intention, the court may extend that time for not to exceed 20 days (Code Civ.Proc. § 659a), and the court can relieve from default to the same extent it could have granted extension in advance (Boynton v. McKales, 139 Cal.App.2d 777, 782, 294 P.2d 733). The clear import of the court's actions here was to grant such relief and permit filing on the thirtieth day.

We do not remotely suggest any general rule that affidavits on a motion for new trial may be filed routinely after the motion has been ruled upon. But the remarkable combination of circumstances here does warrant such relief. A juror, whose vote was crucial to the verdict, voluntarily revealed her previously concealed bias, without suggestion or prodding of any sort, only after the order denying new trial.

Plainti...