Progressive Speciality Ins. Co. v. Gore
Decision Date | 27 June 2008 |
Docket Number | 1070491. |
Citation | 1 So.3d 996 |
Parties | PROGRESSIVE SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY v. Gerald GORE and Jeanette Gore. |
Court | Alabama Supreme Court |
R. Larry Bradford and Thomas C. Phelps III of Bradford & Sears, P.C., Birmingham, for appellant.
Candice J. Shockley of Holliman & Shockley, Pelham, for appellees.
Progressive Specialty Insurance Company ("Progressive") appeals from a summary judgment in favor of Gerald Gore and his wife, Jeanette Gore, in a declaratory-judgment action commenced by Progressive to determine its obligation, if any, to pay uninsured-motorist benefits under an automobile policy issued to Gerald Gore. We affirm.
The dispositive facts are undisputed. On November 13, 2002, Jeanette Gore completed an application to purchase automobile insurance from Progressive. The application contemplated that the policy would be issued solely in the name of Gerald Gore, who was not present during the application process.
During the application process, Jeanette was presented with the following document (hereinafter referred to as "the rejection form"):
The rejection form included a space for the "signature of the named insured." In that space, however, Jeanette signed her own name.
On November 15, 2002, Progressive issued a policy to Gerald as the only named insured. Both Gerald and Jeanette were listed on the policy as "drivers." The declarations stated that uninsured/underinsured-motorist coverage had been "rejected." The policy was in force on August 12, 2005.
On that date, Jeanette was injured when the automobile she was operating was struck by an uninsured driver. The Gores filed a claim with Progressive for uninsured-motorist ("UM") benefits based on Jeanette's injuries. Subsequently, Progressive commenced this action, seeking a judgment declaring that "Jeanette Gore validly executed the UM rejection in her individual capacity and as the agent for her husband in procuring the policy" and, consequently, that Progressive was not liable for UM benefits.
Progressive moved for a summary judgment. In their response to Progressive's motion, the Gores argued:
The Gores requested that the trial court "deny the relief [sought] by Progressive, and ... enter an Order holding that [they] are entitled to [UM] coverage and benefits under the policy." The trial court entered a summary judgment so holding, and Progressive appealed.
The resolution of this appeal turns on the application of the Uninsured Motorist Statute, Ala.Code 1975, § 32-7-23(a), to the undisputed facts of this case. Section 32-7-23(a) provides, in pertinent part:
"(a) No automobile liability or motor vehicle liability policy insuring against loss resulting from liability imposed by law for bodily injury or death suffered by any person arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state with respect to any motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this state unless coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto, ... for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured motor vehicles because of bodily injury, sickness or disease, including death, resulting therefrom; provided, that the named insured shall have the right to reject such coverage ...."
(Emphasis added.)
Bishop v. Chilton County, 990 So.2d 287, 289 (Ala.2008). See Pinigis v. Regions Bank, 977 So.2d 446 (Ala.2007); Smith v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 952 So.2d 342 (Ala.2006).
"The Uninsured Motorist Statute ..., absent rejection by the named insured, mandates uninsured motorist coverage for the protection of persons insured under a motor vehicle liability policy." Holloway v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 376 So.2d 690, 694 (Ala.1979) (emphasis added). Under this statute and well-established Alabama caselaw, any purported rejection or waiver of UM coverage by one who is not the named insured is invalid. Federated Mut. Ins. Co. v. Vaughn, 961 So.2d 816, 819 (Ala.2007) (); Continental Cas. Co. v. Pinkston, 941 So.2d 926, 929 (Ala. 2006) (); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Martin, 292 Ala. 103, 289 So.2d 606 (1974) ( ); Nationwide Ins. Co. v. Nicholas, 868 So.2d 457 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003) ( ).
Progressive acknowledges, as it must, this well-established principle. However, relying on that portion of the rejection clause in which Jeanette purported to "agree that [her] rejection of [UM] Coverage [would] be binding on all persons insured under the policy," Progressive invites this Court to adopt an exception to this principle by construing the statute to allow a person who is not a named insured to reject coverage for the named insured as the latter's "agent." For that proposition, it cites cases from lower appellate courts in Kansas and Louisiana, namely, Ridgway v. Shelter Ins. Cos., 22 Kan. App.2d 218, 913 P.2d 1231 (1996), and Soileau v. Hartford Accident & Indem. Co., 182 So.2d 76 (La.Ct.App.1966). Citing authority for general principles of agency, Progressive argues that "[i]f Jeanette Gore had the authority to bind her husband into a policy of insurance with Progressive, [then she must have had] the authority to bind him on one particular term of the contract." Progressive's brief, at 14.
We need not decide whether, under our caselaw, general principles of agency would allow an individual to waive UM coverage by signing a rejection form as an agent for another, because Jeanette signed the rejection form in her own name, not in the name of the named insured. Our statute makes no provision for waiver by anyone other than the named insured. Section 32-7-23(a) flatly declares "that the named insured shall have the right to reject such coverage." (Emphasis added.) The purposes of 32-7-23(a) are to "assure that a person injured by an uninsured motorist will be able to recover the total amount of [her] damages and that the insurer will not be allowed to insert provisions in the policy limiting the insured's recovery." Star Freight, Inc. v. Sheffield, 587 So.2d 946, 957 (Ala.1991) (some emphasis added; some emphasis omitted). "`[A] person relying on another to make him or her a named insured may reasonably expect that the coverages obtained will be those mandated by law.'" Nicholas, 868 So.2d at 462 (quoting Preferred Risk Ins. Co. v. Cooper, 638 N.W.2d 717, 719 (Iowa 2002)). What Jeanette signed does not purport to be a waiver of UM coverage by the named insured. Instead, it merely purports...
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