Pub. Defender v. Black Hawk Dist. Ct.
Decision Date | 06 September 2001 |
Docket Number | No. 98-2054.,98-2054. |
Citation | 633 N.W.2d 280 |
Parties | STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER, Plaintiff, v. IOWA DISTRICT COURT FOR BLACK HAWK COUNTY, Defendant. |
Court | Iowa Supreme Court |
Thomas G. Becker, State Public Defender, and Mark C. Smith, First Assistant State Public Defender, for plaintiff.
Kellyann M. Lekar of Roberts, Stevens & Lekar, P.L.C., Waterloo, for defendant.
In this original certiorari proceeding, the state public defender's office (state public defender) challenges a district court order directing it to send its records concerning a juvenile to the clerk of court for sealing pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.150 (Supp.1997). We sustain the writ we earlier granted.
On October 2, 1998, a juvenile filed an application in district court for an order sealing records pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.150. Following a hearing on the application, the district court granted the order. The district court ordered a number of agencies, including the state public defender, "to send all records concerning the juvenile ... to the clerk of court where the records shall be sealed pursuant to section 232.150." The court further ordered the agencies to "expunge and delete any index references to the records." Although the application listed Lon Britt, an assistant public defender who had represented the juvenile, as possibly having custody of some or all of the records, neither he nor the state public defender were given notice of the hearing.
On November 16, the state public defender filed a petition for writ of certiorari with this court, alleging that it had not received notice of hearing on the juvenile's application. The petition further alleged that the district court (1) lacked authority to enter the order directing the state public defender to turn over its records, and (2) in entering the order acted illegally and in excess of its authority. We granted the writ.
Meanwhile, on March 11, 1999, the state public defender filed a motion in the district court, requesting the court to excuse it from complying with the sealing order. In its motion, the state public defender alleged that (1) it had not been given notice of the juvenile's application; (2) it is not a custodian of records for the juvenile court and is not a criminal justice agency or a juvenile justice agency, and thus is exempt from the provisions of Iowa Code section 232.150; and (3) the file of the juvenile's attorney should not be surrendered because "[t]he right of a juvenile to have the contents of his or her attorney's files kept secret is fully protected by the attorney's absolute obligation to keep those files confidential and inviolate."
The county attorney resisted the motion, arguing that the district court lacked jurisdiction to consider the motion because of the petition for writ of certiorari pending in our court. The state public defender filed a motion for limited remand for a ruling on the pending motion in the district court. We granted the limited remand.
Following a hearing on the motion, the district court entered an order on June 8. The court determined that it had erred when it entered the sealing order because no notice had been given to the state public defender. However, the court ruled that the subsequent hearing on the state public defender's motion cured any defect and affirmed its earlier sealing order. The case is now before us following the limited remand.
We recently summarized the scope of review for original certiorari actions in this court:
The supreme court has "constitutional powers to issue writs to, and exercise supervisory and administrative control over, other judicial tribunals." State v. Davis, 493 N.W.2d 820, 822 (Iowa 1992). Our rules of appellate procedure contemplate original certiorari proceedings at the appellate level by providing for the filing in our court of a "petition for writ of certiorari directed to the district court." Iowa R.App. P. 301; see also Iowa R.App. P. 22(a) ( ). Such a petition may be granted or denied. See Iowa R.App. P. 302 ( ); Iowa R.App. P. 22(f) ( ).
Bousman v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 630 N.W.2d 789, 794 (Iowa 2001).
In this original certiorari action, the state public defender is the plaintiff, and the district court is the named or nominal defendant. See Iowa R.App. P. 303. Private counsel now represents the juvenile, whose interests the State essentially represented in the district court. The juvenile is the underlying defendant in this action. A writ of certiorari lies where a lower board, tribunal, or court has exceeded its jurisdiction or otherwise has acted illegally. State Public Defender v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 594 N.W.2d 34, 36 (Iowa 1999). For this reason, this court "may examine only the jurisdiction of the district court and the legality of its actions." Christensen v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 578 N.W.2d 675, 678 (Iowa 1998). "Illegality exists when the court's findings lack substantial evidentiary support, or when the court has not properly applied the law." Id. Our review of the district court's action is therefore for correction of errors of law. See Iowa R.App. P. 4; French v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 546 N.W.2d 911, 913 (Iowa 1996).
Iowa Code section 232.150 provides in relevant part:
Iowa Code § 232.150 (emphasis added).
The dispute here is whether the state public defender falls within the provisions of subsection 4 as "agencies and persons having custody of records." We think, for reasons that follow, section 232.150(4) was not meant to include the state public defender.
Iowa Code § 232.2(38) (emphasis added).
Chapter 232 is very specific about what records are subject to sealing under section 232.150. For example, Iowa Code section 232.147(2) provides that "[o]fficial juvenile court records in cases alleging delinquency ... shall be public records, subject to sealing under section 232.150." Iowa Code § 232.147(2) (emphasis added). And Iowa Code section 232.149(2) provides that "[r]ecords and files of a criminal or juvenile justice agency concerning a child involved in a delinquent act are public records ... subject to sealing under section 232.150, unless the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction over the child so that the child may be prosecuted as an adult for a public offense." Iowa Code § 232.149(2) (emphasis added).
When we consider sections 232.2(38), .147(2), .149(2), and .150 together, we are confident the legislature meant to subject to sealing only (1) official records of the court in cases alleging delinquency concerning a juvenile and (2) records and files of a criminal or juvenile justice agency concerning a juvenile involved in a delinquent act. See McCracken v. Iowa Dep't of Human Servs., 595 N.W.2d 779, 784 (Iowa 1999) (). The state public defender is neither the custodian of official court records concerning the juvenile nor is it a criminal or juvenile justice agency having records and files of a juvenile. The district court erred in concluding otherwise.
We reach this conclusion even though the language of the statute seems to include, for sealing...
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