Revels v. Hoechst Celanese Corp.

• Decision Date: 14 March 1990
• Docket Number: No. 1479,1479
• Citation: 301 S.C. 316,391 S.E.2d 731
• Parties: Richard REVELS, Appellant, v. HOECHST CELANESE CORPORATION and John Doe, of whom Hoechst Celanese Corp., Respondent. . Heard
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 731

391 S.E.2d 731

301 S.C. 316

Richard REVELS, Appellant, v. HOECHST CELANESE CORPORATION and John Doe, of whom Hoechst Celanese Corp., Respondent.

No. 1479.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Heard March 14, 1990.

Decided April 2, 1990.

Certiorari Denied Oct. 24, 1990.

J. Leeds Barroll, IV and Bonnie P. Horn, Columbia, for appellant.

R.W. Dibble, Jr. and Jane W. Trinkley, both of McNair Law Firm, Columbia, Marc E. Kasowitz and Jack Atkin, both of Mayer, Brown & Platt, New York City, for respondent.

GOOLSBY, Judge:

The dispositive issue in this personal injury action brought by Richard Revels, an employee of Kenan Transport Company, against Hoechst Celanese Corporation is whether Revels was Celanese' "statutory employee" when he was injured at Celanese' distribution terminal while assisting in the loading of chemicals into Kenan's tanker. The trial court granted Celanese' motion for summary judgment, finding Revels was Celanese' "statutory employee." We affirm.

According to Leslie J. Cribb, manager of Celanese' terminal operations, Celanese distributes liquid organic chemicals to customers throughout the southeastern United States from its terminal in Rock Hill and uses common carriers to transport to its customers the chemicals loaded into the carriers' tankers at its terminal. One common carrier used by Celanese was Kenan Transport Company, Revels' employer. Cribb's affidavit declares, and neither Revels' affidavit nor the statement he gave on October 14, 1986, contradicts, that the driver of the tanker being loaded participates in the loading operation, which a Celanese loading operator directs, by monitoring the levels of chemicals being pumped into the tanker.

According to Revels' statement, he drove a tanker truck beneath a loading rack at Celanese' distribution center on September 29, 1986, to receive a load of alcohol and acetone and, while atop the tanker and checking the level of chemicals being pumped into the tanker's last compartment, inhaled fumes from formaldehyde flushed from the other end of the loading rack by the loading operator. The formaldehyde fumes, Revels' statement discloses, burned his eyes and nose and injured his lungs.

In South Carolina, a simple test is prescribed for determining the question of whether an employee who bears no contractual relationship to an owner is, through the employment by another person, the owner's "statutory employee." The test is "whether or not [the work] being done is or is not a part of the general trade, business or occupation of the owner." Hopkins v. Darlington Veneer Co., 208 S.C. 307, 311, 38 S.E.2d 4, 6 (1946); S.C.CODE ANN. § 42-1-400 (1976). The employee is to be excluded or included as a "statutory employee" depending upon whether or not the person is performing or executing a part of the owner's general business. Hopkins v. Darlington Veneer Co., supra. Because there is no general rule for determining whether the work in a given case satisfies the prescribed test, each case must be decided on its own facts. Raines v. Gould, Inc., 288 S.C. 541, 343 S.E.2d 655 (Ct.App.1986). Doubts concerning the application of the prescribed test, however, must be resolved in favor of inclusion of employers and employees under the Workers' Compensation Act. See Adams v. Davison-Paxon Co., 230 S.C. 532, 544, 96 S.E.2d 566, 572 (1957) (" '[T]he basic purpose of the Compensation Act is the inclusion of employers and employees, and not their exclusion; and we add that doubts of jurisdiction must be resolved in favor of inclusion rather than exclusion.' ").

We have no difficulty in deciding that Revels was Celanese' "statutory...