Saleem v. Snow

• Decision Date: 14 July 1995
• Docket Number: No. A95A0117,A95A0117
• Citation: 460 S.E.2d 104,217 Ga.App. 883
• Parties: SALEEM v. SNOW et al.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

Page 104

460 S.E.2d 104

217 Ga.App. 883

SALEEM v. SNOW et al.

No. A95A0117.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

July 14, 1995.

Mustafa N. Saleem, pro se.

Michael J. Bowers, Atty. Gen., Daryl A. Robinson, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Neal B. Childers, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellees.

RUFFIN, Judge.

Mustafa Nasir Saleem was convicted of two counts of kidnapping with bodily injury, two counts of armed robbery, two counts of aggravated assault and one count of theft by taking. His conviction was affirmed by our court in Saleem v. State, 169 Ga.App. 952, 315 S.E.2d 487 (1984). Since then he has filed various actions in both the federal and state courts. This suit was brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Georgia Tort Claims Act. The defendants are Wayne Snow, former chairman of the State Board of Pardons & Paroles ("BOP"); Bobby Whitworth, former Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Corrections ("Corrections"); Elizabeth Reynolds Fortson, a clerical employee of BOP; BOP, as a board; and the Board of Corrections ("BOC"). In a lengthy complaint, Saleem essentially challenges BOP's denial of parole and certain disciplinary rules and actions taken by Corrections. Saleem moved for partial summary judgment based upon the defendants' failure to respond to his request for admissions, and defendants moved for summary judgment on his complaint. Saleem consented to the grant of summary judgment in favor of Fortson and BOC. The trial court denied Saleem's motion for partial summary judgment, granted summary judgment to Snow and Whitworth, and denied as moot several other motions filed by Saleem. This pro se appeal followed.

These are the eight counts asserted in Saleem's complaint:

(1) The rules of discipline governing the conduct of prisoners in the Georgia prison system, promulgated by the BOC, are standardless and vague on the one hand and overbroad on the other. Whitworth, as commissioner, was charged with the duty of implementing the rules. When Saleem was considered for parole in 1989 and 1992, his file contained violations of the rules and those violations resulted in the denial of parole.

(2) In promulgating the rule defining the frequency with which prisoners serving life sentences can be considered for parole, Snow and BOP enacted a law in violation of Ga.Const. Art. I, Sec. II, Par. III (separation of powers clause).

(3) Saleem was denied due process by Snow and BOP because in denying parole, they considered his convictions, life sentences and alleged prison rule violations, all of which were void.

(4) Saleem was denied the right to personally appear before BOP and that its meetings violate the Open Meetings Act.

(5) Saleem was denied the right to have an attorney represent him before BOP and he was denied equal protection because other, more dangerous prisoners were granted parole.

(6) The defendants conspired to violate his civil rights in failing to investigate and denying parole.

(7) The defendants violated OCGA §§ 16-10-8 and 16-10-20.

(8) The BOP breached its duty, in violation of OCGA § 51-1-6, by making laws concerning the eligibility and time-served requirements for parole.

The trial court found that the claims against Whitworth failed because (1) Whitworth did not promulgate the Corrections regulations at issue; (2) the disciplinary proceedings occurred in 1984 and 1989, and he did not become Commissioner until 1990; (3) claims based on these disciplinary proceedings were time-barred; (4) Whitworth was entitled to qualified immunity because the regulations he reasonably relied on were law; and (5) the regulations were adopted during litigation and approved by the federal courts; thus, Saleem is precluded from relitigating them.

As to Snow, the court found (1) the General Assembly was empowered to delegate rule-making authority to the BOP; (2) Snow had absolute legislative immunity; (3) because the last BOP rule-making activity occurred in 1985, the claims were time-barred; (4) Snow had qualified immunity because he reasonably relied on the validity of Saleem's state criminal convictions; (5) Saleem was collaterally estopped from relitigating issues raised in a mandamus petition he filed against his trial judge; (6) the claims challenging the validity of Saleem's convictions were procedurally barred because they may only be asserted in a habeas petition; (7) under OCGA §§ 50-14-3(2) and 42-9-53, respectively, the BOP was not subject to the Open Meetings Act, and Saleem was not entitled to review his file; and (8) equal protection was not violated because there is no right to counsel in parole proceedings and the fact that other prisoners were paroled, without more, is meritless.

1. Saleem enumerates as error the trial court's grant of summary judgment.

(a) We will first consider the grant of summary judgment as to Whitworth.

We find no error in the trial court's determination that Saleem's claims concerning his 1984 and 1989 disciplinary problems are time-barred under Georgia's two-year statute of limitation for personal injuries. OCGA § 9-3-33; Giles v. Garwood, 853 F.2d 876 (11th Cir.1988).

Saleem also appears to impute liability to Whitworth (and Snow) because the BOP considered these purportedly unconstitutionally vague disciplinary proceedings when denying Saleem parole. The trial court did not address this argument although it was raised in the complaint. Because it is undisputed that these regulations were promulgated by the BOC and not the Commissioner, the claim fails.

Saleem also argues that Whitworth knew enforcement of Corrections rules violated his due process rights. Since this issue is asserted for the first time on appeal, we need not address it. Jones v. Brooks County, etc., 202 Ga.App. 515, 414 S.E.2d 729 (1992).

The trial court correctly held that Whitworth would be entitled to qualified immunity on the federal claims for damages, but such immunity is limited. Qualified immunity shields state officials from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established federal law of which a reasonable person would have known. Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). It applies only to suits in an individual capacity for damages. Marx v. Gumbinner, 855 F.2d 783, 787 (11th Cir.1988). Saleem cannot seek prospective injunctive relief from Whitworth because he is not a member of the BOP and did not promulgate the Corrections regulations at issue. Thus, summary judgment should be affirmed on the claims against Whitworth.

(b) We also find no error in the grant of summary judgment to Snow.

The trial court correctly applied the doctrine of legislative immunity to Saleem's claim that the legislative powers delegated to the BOP as an executive board violate the separation of powers doctrine. Individuals acting in a legislative capacity are absolutely immune from suit. Village of North Atlanta v. Cook, 219 Ga. 316(1), 133 S.E.2d 585 (1963). Moreover, the trial court also correctly found that this claim would be time-barred because the last rule-making activity complained of occurred in 1985. The statute of limitation would not bar the remaining claims, however. We will not address Saleem's argument that OCGA § 42-9-45 unconstitutionally delegates authority to the BOP because it was first raised on appeal. Jones, supra.

Saleem argues that the court erred in rejecting as time-barred his claim that the Corrections regulations were unconstitutionally vague because the BOP considered his disciplinary history (which reflected those violations of the regulations) in his 1993 parole proceedings. This claim is meritless, however. There is no constitutional right to parole. Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal, etc., Complex, 442 U.S. 1, 7, 99 S.Ct. 2100, 2103-04, 60 L.Ed.2d 668 (1979). Georgia law does not create a liberty interest in parole. Sultenfuss v. Snow, 35 F.3d 1494 (11th Cir.1994). Even so, due process is violated if the BOP engages in "flagrant and unauthorized action" such as knowing use of false information in a parole determination. Monroe v. Thigpen, 932 F.2d 1437, 1442 (11th Cir.1991). However, a litigant fails to state such a claim with conclusory allegations that erroneous information must have been used. Id. Saleem based his argument on uncontested admissions that the BOP considered the disciplinary problems, which the trial court subsequently permitted Snow to withdraw. Because the trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the admissions to be withdrawn (see Division 2), Saleem failed to state a claim.

Monroe, supra, also forecloses Saleem's argument that the trial court erred in granting Snow qualified immunity because it is clearly established that BOP's admitted reliance on misleading information (arising from disciplinary problems related to the regulations) and void convictions in considering Saleem's parole violates his right to fair parole consideration. Again, Saleem based this argument on uncontested admissions that the BOP considered the disciplinary problems which the trial court permitted Snow to withdraw.

The trial court limited its qualified immunity ruling on Snow to his refusal to ignore Saleem's convictions. This ruling was correct. No reasonable person would believe that a state official's reliance on unvacated criminal convictions violates clearly established federal law. See Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 166-67, 105 S.Ct. 3099, 3105-06, 87 L.Ed.2d 114 (1985) (reliance on existing law objectively reasonable).

Because the trial court so limited its ruling on qualified immunity with regard to Snow, Saleem's other qualified immunity arguments are meritless. These include his claims that qualified immunity was improperly granted because it is clearly established that (1) he has a right to be fairly considered for parole; (2) rules prohibiting actions must provide adequate notice; and (3) invidious discrimination based upon poverty violates equal protection.

Saleem...