Schwartz v. Unemployment Ins. Com'n

• Decision Date: 26 April 2006
• Citation: 2006 ME 41,895 A.2d 965
• Parties: Ann T. SCHWARTZ v. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COMMISSION et al.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

895 A.2d 965

2006 ME 41

Ann T. SCHWARTZ v. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COMMISSION et al.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

Argued: March 25, 2005.

Decided: April 26, 2006.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Arthur J. Greif (orally), Julie D. Farr., Gilbert & Greif, P.A., Bangor, for plaintiff.

G. Steven Rowe, Atty. Gen., Elizabeth J. Wyman, Asst. Atty. Gen. (orally), Pamela W. Waite, Asst. Atty. Gen., Augusta, for defendants.

Kevin M. Cuddy (orally), Cuddy & Lanham, Bangor, for Maine Sea Coast Missionary Society, defendant.

Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and CLIFFORD, DANA, ALEXANDER, CALKINS, and LEVY, JJ.^*

Majority: SAUFLEY, C.J., and CLIFFORD, ALEXANDER, and LEVY, JJ.

Dissent: DANA, and CALKINS, JJ.

CLIFFORD, J.

[¶ 1] Ann T. Schwartz appeals from a judgment of the Superior Court (Hancock County, Mead, J.) affirming the decision of the Unemployment Insurance Commission in which the Commission concluded that Schwartz is not entitled to receive unemployment benefits because her former employer, the Maine Sea Coast Missionary Society (the Mission), is exempt from unemployment taxation pursuant to 26 M.R.S. § 1043(11)(F)(21)(a) (2005). Schwartz contends that she should be entitled to benefits because (1) the Mission is not operated primarily for religious purposes, and (2) the Mission is not principally supported by an association of churches. Although the Commission did not err in concluding that the Mission is operated for religious purposes, because the findings of the Commission that the Mission is principally supported by an association of churches are not sufficiently clear, we vacate the judgment of the Superior Court and remand for the Commission to clarify its decision.

I. BACKGROUND

[¶ 2] The Mission is a nonprofit organization serving coastal communities. Eight of its staff members are ordained members of the clergy who serve as pastors for island congregations. Gary DeLong, an ordained minister, serves as the executive director of the Mission. He describes the Mission's programs as being "at the very heart of the essence of the religious enterprise." DeLong, as well as many of the Mission's employees, view their work as a form of ministry and as doing the work of the church.

[¶ 3] The Mission provides programs to coastal communities to demonstrate "God's love and compassion to marginalized people in the area [it] serve[s]." The Mission was founded as an inclusive Christian ministry, and, over the years, it has never downplayed its Christian roots. More than fifty percent of its income comes from individual donors, who contribute to the organization because of its Christian nature. The Mission also receives contributions of money and services from ninety-six churches. It is affiliated with both the United Church of Christ and the American Baptist Congregation. The Mission's employees are eligible for United Church of Christ benefits, including its pension, healthcare, and retirement plans, except that its Baptist clergy are instead eligible for American Baptist Congregation benefits.

[¶ 4] The Mission provides various religious and secular services to the coastal communities. One featured program is the telemedicine program, which uses a boat named the "Sunbeam" to bring a nurse to the islands to care for those who cannot afford other health services. The Sunbeam also transports ministers to the islands to lead religious services and to provide counseling. Additionally, the Mission sponsors an after-school program in Washington County. The program does not teach religious doctrine directly, but it does emphasize character building, leadership, and academic achievement. The Mission also runs a used clothing shop and food pantry, as well as a church revitalization program.

[¶ 5] In May of 2000, the Mission hired Schwartz to serve as its director of development. In December of 2002, the Mission terminated Schwartz's employment, following which Schwartz sought unemployment benefits from the State.¹ Schwartz's application was initially approved by a Commission field supervisor. The Mission appealed from this decision, and the Tax Section manager overturned the field supervisor's determination and found Schwartz to be ineligible for unemployment benefits.²

[¶ 6] Schwartz appealed the decision of the Tax Section manager to the Division of Administrative Hearings. A Division hearing officer issued a decision finding that Schwartz was not eligible for unemployment benefits based on her insufficient wages. Schwartz then appealed to the Commission. See 26 M.R.S. § 1194 (2005). Following a hearing, the Commission denied benefits to Schwartz based on its finding, pursuant to section 1043(11)(F)(21)(a), that the Mission is: (1) a church organization; (2) operated primarily for religious purposes, because, although not all of its programs involve religious teachings, they are for religious purposes and are part of the Mission's religious activities and religious programs; and (3) principally supported by an association of churches.

[¶ 7] Schwartz petitioned for review of the Commission's decision in the Superior Court pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80C. The court affirmed the Commission's findings that the Mission is both operated for religious purposes and principally supported by an association of churches. The court concluded, however, that the Commission erred as a matter of law in finding that the Mission is a church organization exempt from employer contributions pursuant to the first prong of 26 M.R.S. § 1043(11)(F)(21)(a).³ Schwartz appealed to this Court.

II. DISCUSSION

[¶ 8] When an appeal is taken from a decision of the Superior Court, acting as an intermediate appellate court, we review a final Unemployment Insurance Commission decision "directly to determine whether there exists any competent evidence to support the agency findings and then ascertain whether upon those findings the applicable law has been correctly applied." Lewiston Daily Sun v. Unemployment Ins. Comm'n, 1999 ME 90, ¶ 7, 733 A.2d 344, 346 (quotation marks omitted). We will not overrule findings of fact supported by competent evidence, and where the appellant is the party with the burden of proof before the Commission, we will not disturb a decision of the Commission on issues of fact, unless the record before the Commission compels a contrary result. Id.

[¶ 9] The Commission's findings of fact will be upheld unless they are clearly erroneous. Gulick v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot., 452 A.2d 1202, 1207-08 (Me.1982). Moreover, "we defer to an agency in those areas within its expertise unless a statute or regulation compels a contrary result." Green v. Comm'r of the Dep't of Mental Health, Mental Retardation & Substance Abuse Servs., 2001 ME 86, ¶ 9, 776 A.2d 612, 615; see also Imagineering, Inc. v. Superintendent of Ins., 593 A.2d 1050, 1053 (Me.1991) ("On questions involving the interpretation and application of technical statutes or regulations, this court gives deference to the administrative agency unless the statutes or regulations plainly compel a contrary result.").

[¶ 10] Findings required by statute must be stated with sufficient specificity to permit understanding and meaningful appellate review. 5 M.R.S. § 9061 (2005); 1 M.R.S. § 407(1) (2005); Hannum v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot., 2003 ME 123, ¶ 12, 832 A.2d 765, 769. Findings may be insufficient if they merely state a conclusion using the terms of the relevant statute. See Bayley v. Bayley, 602 A.2d 1152, 1154 (Me.1992); In re Amber B., 597 A.2d 937, 938 (Me. 1991).

A. Operated Primarily for Religious Purposes

[¶ 11] Schwartz contends that the Commission erred in finding that the Mission is operated primarily for religious purposes within the meaning of 26 M.R.S. § 1043(11)(F)(21)(a). We disagree. There is substantial evidence in the record to support the finding that the Mission's purposes are primarily religious, including: (1) the Sunbeam, a boat prominently featuring a cross on its hull, brings pastors to island communities to lead religious services and to provide religious counseling; (2) the Mission pays ministers' salaries in conjunction with coastal and island churches; (3) the Mission offers a Christmas program; (4) the executive director of the Mission is an ordained minister whose ministry is an authorized ministry of the Maine Conference of the United Church of Christ; and (5) eight of the Mission staff members are clergy who have come from the Baptist and Congregational tradition.

[¶ 12] The fact that an organization has a charitable purpose and does charitable work does not require the conclusion that its purposes are not primarily religious pursuant to section 1043. Cf. Salvation Army v. Town of Standish, 1998 ME 75, ¶ 5, 709 A.2d 727, 729 (holding that a charitable organization's religious purposes will not remove it from the purview of a property tax exemption); see also Kendall v. Dir. of the Div. of Employment Sec., 393 Mass. 731, 473 N.E.2d 196, 199 (1985) (holding that a center for mentally retarded children established by the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi was exempt from unemployment taxation, and emphasizing that allowing children of any religious belief to enroll in the program was consistent with its purpose to promote the spiritual, social, and physical welfare of mentally retarded children).

[¶ 13] The Mission was originally established to help build congregations on the islands, to bring pastors to the islands, and to provide services to the island communities. Even as the Mission has adopted new ways to meet the needs of the communities it serves, it has maintained its religious emphasis and function. The fact that the Mission provides health care to islanders and an after-school program for students does not diminish its continuing religious purpose. The Commission's finding that the Mission is operated primarily for religious purposes is not clearly erroneous.

B. Principally Supported by an Association of Churches

[¶ 14] Schwartz also contends that the...