Simmons Co. v. Deutsche Financial Services Corp., A99A2226.

• Decision Date: 24 March 2000
• Docket Number: No. A99A2226.,A99A2226.
• Citation: 243 Ga. App. 85,532 S.E.2d 436
• Parties: SIMMONS COMPANY v. DEUTSCHE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

532 S.E.2d 436

243 Ga. App. 85

SIMMONS COMPANY v. DEUTSCHE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORPORATION.

No. A99A2226.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

March 24, 2000.

Small, White & Marani, Gus H. Small, Jr., David A. Geiger, Atlanta, for appellant.

Sutherland, Asbill & Brennan, James A. Orr, Rebecca L. Burnaugh, Atlanta, for appellee.

ANDREWS, Presiding Judge.

Simmons Company appeals from the trial court's order: (1) compelling arbitration of a claim asserted by Simmons in a suit against Deutsche Financial Services Corporation (DFS), and (2) dismissing the suit with prejudice. The trial court's order concerned an arbitration agreement enforceable under the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) (9 USC §§ 1-16). First, we conclude that we have jurisdiction over this appeal because the FAA does not preempt Georgia procedural law allowing the appeal. Second, we find no error in the trial court's order compelling the parties to arbitrate under the agreement and dismissing the suit with prejudice in favor of arbitration. After Simmons sued DFS asserting a claim under the terms of a written floor plan repurchase agreement, DFS contended the agreement contained a provision requiring arbitration of the claim and moved pursuant to the FAA to compel arbitration and for dismissal or stay of the suit. Under the FAA, written agreements to arbitrate contained in contracts involving interstate commerce are valid and enforceable in federal and state courts. Allied-Bruce Terminix Cos. v. Dobson, 513 U.S. 265, 115 S.Ct. 834, 130 L.Ed.2d 753 (1995). The parties did not dispute that the floor plan agreement was a contract involving interstate commerce. Rather, the issue presented by DFS' motion was whether the agreement contained a provision requiring arbitration.

DFS presented evidence in support of the motion that the agreement contained the following arbitration provision:

BINDING ARBITRATION. Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the relationship resulting in or from this Agreement or the breach of any duties hereunder will be settled by binding arbitration in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of The American Arbitration Association.... The site of all arbitration participatory hearings will be in the Division of the Federal Judicial District of [DFS'] branch office closest to [Simmons].... The laws of the [S]tate of Illinois will govern this Agreement; provided, however, that the Federal Arbitration Act ("FAA"), to the extent inconsistent, will supercede the laws of such state and govern. This Agreement concerns transactions involving commerce among the several states.

Simmons opposed the motion with evidence that it never agreed to inclusion of this arbitration provision in the floor plan repurchase agreement.

In granting DFS' motion, the trial court determined there was a written agreement to arbitrate the claim, compelled the parties to arbitrate, and dismissed the suit with prejudice. On appeal, Simmons claims the trial court erroneously concluded there was an agreement to arbitrate and thus erred by compelling arbitration and dismissing the suit.

1. Our initial task is to determine if we have jurisdiction of the appeal. This issue arises because of a conflict between FAA rules controlling enforcement of the arbitration agreement and Georgia procedural rules. The FAA controls enforcement of arbitration agreements in contracts involving interstate commerce. Dobson, 513 U.S. 265, 115 S.Ct. 834, 130 L.Ed.2d 753. The arbitration provision at issue indicates that Illinois law governs to the extent it is not inconsistent with the FAA. This does not mean, however, that the FAA or Illinois law governs the procedures, including appellate procedures, which apply in Georgia, where the suit was filed. Lloyd v. Prudential Securities, 211 Ga.App. 247, 248, 438 S.E.2d 703 (1993). Under the rule of lex fori, procedural or remedial questions are governed by the law of Georgia. Id. Even where a claim is governed by substantive federal law, a state may apply its own procedural rules in its own courts, if those procedures do not defeat the objectives of the federal law. Felder v. Casey, 487 U.S. 131, 138, 108 S.Ct. 2302, 101 L.Ed.2d 123 (1988). Accordingly, the issue controlling our jurisdiction is whether FAA rules prohibiting the appeal preempt Georgia procedural rules allowing the appeal.

Under § 16 of the FAA, once a court has determined that the parties agreed to arbitrate the claim, preliminary appellate review of that determination is limited. The limits are designed to promote the pro-arbitration policies of the FAA by minimizing the delays inherent in preliminary appellate review prior to arbitration. To accomplish this, § 16 prohibits appeals from interlocutory orders compelling arbitration. However, § 16 allows appeals from final decisions compelling arbitration. The opportunity for appellate review of an order compelling arbitration is not lost, but it must wait until after the arbitration award.

In distinguishing under § 16 between nonappealable interlocutory orders compelling arbitration and appealable final decisions compelling arbitration, two categories of cases have emerged. When the only issue before the trial court is whether the parties agreed to arbitrate, the arbitration claim is referred to as an "independent" claim. Randolph v. Green Tree Financial Corp., 178 F.3d 1149, 1153 (11th Cir.1999). The trial court's ruling compelling arbitration on an "independent" claim is considered to be a final decision which ends the litigation and is appealable under § 16. Id. On the other hand, where the issue of whether the parties agreed to arbitrate is before the trial court along with other issues in a broader, substantive suit, the arbitration claim is referred to as an "embedded" claim. Id. Most courts conclude that the trial court's ruling compelling arbitration on an "embedded" claim does not end the litigation for purposes of § 16 and thus the ruling is considered to be a nonappealable interlocutory order under § 16. Altman Nursing v. Clay Capital Corp., 84 F.3d 769, 771 (5th Cir.1996).

Since the ruling compelling arbitration in the present case involved an arbitration claim "embedded" in Simmons' suit on the floor plan repurchase agreement, it fell, at least initially, into the category of a nonappealable interlocutory order under § 16. Rather than staying Simmons' suit pending arbitration, however, the trial court dismissed the suit with prejudice, leaving no other issues before the court. Some courts have concluded that, when the trial court dismisses the remaining claims in which the arbitration claim was "embedded," this is a final decision appealable under § 16. Arnold v. Arnold Corp., 920 F.2d 1269, 1275 (6th Cir.1990); Randolph, 178 F.3d at 1155-1157. However, the weight of authority holds that, regardless of whether the trial court elects to dismiss or stay the remaining claims, a ruling compelling arbitration on an "embedded" claim is interlocutory and nonappealable under § 16. Altman, 84 F.3d at 771-772; see Randolph, 178 F.3d at 1153-1155 (citing authority pro and con).

Contrary to this authority, Georgia procedural law allows a preliminary appeal from an order by the trial court compelling arbitration, regardless of whether the arbitration claim is "embedded" in a broader substantive suit. Phillips Constr. Co. v. Cowart Iron Works, 250 Ga. 488, 299 S.E.2d 538 (1983). Moreover, Georgia law allows appeals from final judgments where the case is no longer pending in the court below. OCGA § 5-6-34(a)(1). Thus, whether we have jurisdiction depends on whether the FAA preempts the Georgia rule.

The FAA preempts state laws that undermine enforcement of private arbitration agreements. Southland Corp. v. Keating, 465 U.S. 1, 16, 104 S.Ct. 852, 79 L.Ed.2d 1 (1984). "[T]o the extent that [a state law] stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress" it will be preempted by the FAA. (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Volt Information Sciences v. Bd. of Trustees &c., 489 U.S. 468, 477, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989). It follows that procedural rules established by a state for the arbitration process that do not undermine the purposes and objectives of the FAA are not preempted. North Augusta Assoc., L.P. v. 1815 Exchange, 220 Ga.App. 790, 791, 469 S.E.2d 759 (1996). As explained by the Supreme Court in Volt, "[t]here is no federal policy favoring arbitration under a certain set of procedural rules; the federal policy is simply to ensure the enforceability, according to their terms, of private agreements to arbitrate."¹ Id. at 476, 109 S.Ct. 1248.

Applying these principles, we find that the Georgia rule allowing a preliminary appeal from an order compelling arbitration does not undermine the purposes or objectives of the FAA to enforce arbitration agreements. The timing of the right to appeal from an order compelling arbitration is a procedural matter which may delay but does not prevent enforcement of a valid arbitration agreement. See Batton v. Green, 801 S.W.2d 923 (Tex.App.1990); Weston Securities Corp. v. Aykanian, 46 Mass.App.Ct. 72, 703 N.E.2d 1185, 1189 (1998). Georgia's procedure allowing a preliminary appeal from an order compelling arbitration recognizes that, if the trial court erred in determining there was an enforceable arbitration agreement, a party may be forced to participate in an unwarranted arbitration proceeding. Phillips, 250 Ga. at 489,299 S.E.2d 538. Moreover, as noted above, the federal courts are split over whether the FAA would prohibit a preliminary appeal under the facts of this case. We conclude under the present facts that, assuming § 16 of the FAA would prohibit the appeal, it does not preempt Georgia's procedural rule allowing this appeal. Compare Primerica Financial Svcs. v. Wise, 217 Ga.App. 36-37, 41, 456 S.E.2d 631 (1995) (finding state signature...