Socony Mobil Corp. v. Forbes, 36948

• Decision Date: 30 April 1964
• Docket Number: No. 36948,36948
• Citation: 391 P.2d 971,64 Wn.2d 369
• Parties: SOCONY MOBIL CORPORATION, a Washington corporation, Respondent, v. John Thomas FORBES and Jane Doe Forbes, his wife, Appellants.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

Page 369

64 Wn.2d 369

391 P.2d 971

SOCONY MOBIL CORPORATION, a Washington corporation, Respondent, v. John Thomas FORBES and Jane Doe Forbes, his wife, Appellants.

No. 36948.

Supreme Court of Washington, Department 1.

April 30, 1964.

Regal & McDonell, Seattle, for appellants.

Horton & Wilkins, Kennewick, for respondent.

HALE, Judge.

This case begins with a rear-end collision between a tank truck and a hay baler on the night of September 18, 1961.

John Forbes, defendant driver, had just finished a day's work baling hay for his neighbor and drove his high-wheeeled International tractor, pulling an International hay baler, out onto the highway to return home. About one-half mile from the field, as the tractor and baler moved westerly down the highway in the darkness at 10 to 15 miles per hour, plaintiff's tank truck, moving in the same direction at a speed of 48 miles per hour, overtook and struck the baler on the left rear.

Highway 3-D, for a relevant distance in both directions, was level, smooth, straight and dry. The night was dark with probably no moon and only the sky glow from the lights of Pasco showing against the horizon in the distance. Maximum lawful speed for the truck at the place where the accident occurred was 50 miles per hour.

Questions of negligence and contributory negligence depended to a large degree upon the physical characteristics and safety cquipment of the tractor-baler. The tractor had head lamps but no red rear lamps. The baler it pulled had neither lights nor reflectors of any kind. The baler is an oversize vehicle, being 10 feet wide, and, when pulled by the tractor, is off-center, projecting more to the right of the tractor than to its left. Thus, as the rig moved down the highway, the tractor would be nearer the center line but together they would occupy more than 10 feet of space in width.

Other than head lamps on the tractor projecting a beam forward, there was only one other light, which stood one and one-half feet above and on the left-rear fender of the tractor, and cast a diffuse glow of white light enabling the driver to see the bales come off when the mechanism worked at night. Defendant John Forbes says that his tractor headlights and this work lamp were on as he moved down the highway. The tank truck driver says he saw no lights on the baler whatever.

Reuben Peterson, an experienced driver, drove the tank truck along the highway toward Pasco at 48 miles per hour. Suddenly the farm equipment loomed up before him in the darkness; he slammed on the brakes and swerved the truck to the left, but struck the left rear of the baler, laying down 42 feet of skidmarks before impact. He says he saw no lights on either tractor or baler before impact and no reflecting material or substance of any kind that might beam the light rays toward him. His own head lamps cast a beam on the roadway ahead for over 250 feet, but he said they illumined the highway for several hundred feet farther. They would hit the roadway, he said, on high beam about 250 feet, but, actually, he could see an object about 400 or 500 feet ahead if there were an object there to reflect the light.

Defendants' assignments of error raise two points, one the obverse of the other: (1) Even though defendant driver may have negligently failed to have warning lamps on his rig, this oversight did not constitute negligence when considered in relation to plaintiff's contributory negligence as a matter of law; and (2) plaintiff's driver was contributorily negligent (a) in failing to keep a reasonable lookout ahead, (b) in overdriving his lights, and (c) in failing to have head lamps of minimal statutory requirements.

The trial judge found defendant John Forbes negligent in driving an oversize vehicle on a public highway at night without red lamps or reflectors thereon of any kind.

RCW 46.44.010 says that the total outside width of any vehicle or load thereon shall not exceed eight feet. RCW 46.37.160 and RCW 46.37.170 (Laws of 1961, chapter 12, pp. 322, 323), require farm tractors and towed farm equipment to be equipped with two lamps displaying a red light visible at least 500 feet to the rear, or one red light visible for 500 feet to the rear and two red reflectors mounted so as to indicate the extreme left and right rear projections of the towed equipment. From abundant evidence, including the testimony of defendant driver, the trial judge found the defendants to be in violation of these statutory provisions, thus finding negligence per se on defendant driver's part. Whether this negligence was the proximate cause of the collision likewise fell within the province of the trier of the facts to determine from all of the evidence. Assuredly, there are cases where reasonable minds cannot differ on the proposition that no causation exists between negligence and the injury, thus showing want of proximate cause as a matter of law, but this is not such a case.

Defendants say that the proof establishes contributory negligence both as a fact and as a matter of law, by citing the statute which requires a...