State v. Boley, KCD

• Decision Date: 01 May 1978
• Docket Number: No. KCD,KCD
• Citation: 565 S.W.2d 828
• Parties: STATE of Missouri, Respondent, v. David W. BOLEY, Appellant. 29308.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 828

565 S.W.2d 828

STATE of Missouri, Respondent, v. David W. BOLEY, Appellant.

No. KCD 29308.

Missouri Court of Appeals,Kansas City District.

May 1, 1978.

Jack N. Peace, Stockard, Andereck, Hauck, Sharp & Evans, Trenton, for appellant.

John D. Ashcroft, Atty. Gen., Walter O. Theiss, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for respondent.

Before SOMERVILLE, P. J., and DIXON and TURNAGE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant, charged by information with the crime of forgery (Sec. 561.011, RSMo 1969), waived trial by jury, and upon trial to the court was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment.

As the points of error presented on appeal by defendant (five in number) do not call for an extended synopsis of the facts for their resolution, an abbreviated statement appears appropriate. The trial court could, and obviously did, find beyond a reasonable doubt that at approximately 1:00 P.M. on October 11, 1976, defendant approached the "walk-up" window of the Citizens National Bank in Chillicothe, Missouri, and presented to Margo Carter, the teller on duty, a check purportedly drawn on said bank by Ralph Blakely as maker and naming Viral Johnson as payee. The check was dated October 11, 1976, and was in the amount of fifty dollars. The check had already been endorsed when it was presented to the teller. Defendant asked the teller to cash the check and she complied and gave defendant fifty dollars in United States Currency. Ralph Blakely, a checking account customer of the bank and purported maker of the check, testified that he did not sign the check nor did Blakely make or deliver any check to either defendant or Viral Johnson. Defendant was at the "walk-up" window approximately three minutes concluding the transaction. During this three minutes the teller was actually looking at defendant approximately a minute and a half. It was clear and sunny at the time and the teller had an unobstructed view of defendant from the waist up. The teller positively identified defendant at the trial as the person who presented the check to her on October 11, 1976, and received fifty dollars in cash. No explanation of defendant's possession of the check was ever offered.

Defendant impugns his conviction and sentence on the grounds (1) that the trial court erred in permitting the state, over defendant's objection, to introduce evidence that defendant attempted to cash forged checks of a similar nature at the bank on two subsequent occasions, to-wit, on Wednesday, October 13, 1976, and on Friday, October 15, 1976, (2) that the trial court erred in admitting, over defendant's objection, certain state's exhibits, (3) that the evidence was insufficient to identify defendant as perpetrator of the offense, and (4) that the five year term of imprisonment imposed by the trial court constituted "cruel and unusual" punishment in contravention of defendant's rights under the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and Art. I, § 21, Mo.Const.1945.

Defendant's first point revolves around the contention that the testimony by certain state's witnesses to the effect that defendant on two subsequent occasions attempted to present two other checks to the bank for payment naming Viral Johnson as payee impermissibly injected evidence of other crimes. The complained of testimony came from state's witnesses Margo Carter, Donna Boon and Bill Watson. Margo Carter, the teller who cashed the check for which defendant was prosecuted, testified that defendant again came to "her window" on Friday, October 15, 1976, at which time she did not "transact any business with him"; Donna Boon, a teller at the window in the lobby of the main banking house of the Citizens National Bank, testified that at approximately 1:00 P.M. on Wednesday, October 13, 1976, a person, whom she identified as being the defendant, presented a check naming Viral Johnson as payee at her window for payment which she refused to "cash"; and Bill Watson, Vice-President of the Citizens National Bank, testified that on Friday, October 15, 1976, he encountered a person, whom he identified as being the defendant, at the bank's drive-up window who presented a check for payment purportedly made by Ralph Blakely and naming Viral Johnson as payee, and although defendant said he was Viral Johnson, Watson refused to cash said check, and in response to defendant's inquiry as to why he refused to do so he told defendant that he thought the check was a forgery.

Defendant hammers away at the well established principle that evidence of the commission of other crimes is generally inadmissible. He conveniently ignores the equally well established obverse principle that evidence of other crimes is competent to prove the specific crime charged when it tends to establish motive, intent, identity, absence of mistake or accident, or a common scheme or plan embracing the commission of two or more crimes so related to each other that proof of one tends to establish the other. State v. Kornegger, 363 Mo. 968, 255 S.W.2d 765, 768 (1953); and State v. Smith, 431 S.W.2d 74, 79 (Mo.1968). The "acid" test for determining whether evidence of other crimes falls within any of the recognized exceptions is its logical relevancy to the particular excepted purpose or purposes for which it is sought to be introduced, and if it reasonably tends to prove a material fact in issue it is not to be rejected merely because it incidentally tends to prove the accused's guilt of another crime. State v. Reese, 364 Mo. 1221, 274 S.W.2d 304, 307 (banc 1954).

Assuming that the testimony of Margo Carter, Donna Boon and Bill Watson showed that defendant forged other checks during the week of October 11, 1976, such testimony was admissible because of its logical relevancy to establish intent and a common scheme or plan relative to the charged offense.

Intent to defraud is an element of the crime of forgery and must be averred and proved. See: Sec. 561.011, supra; and State v. Cordray, 200 Mo. 29, 98 S.W. 1 (1906). Consequently, it has been held in a wide range of cases involving various types of forgeries that the admission of evidence showing that the respective accuseds perpetrated similar forgeries near the time and place in question was not error. State v. Minton, 116 Mo. 605, 22 S.W. 808 (1893), forged deed, reversed on other grounds; State v. Hodges, 144 Mo. 50, 45 S.W. 1093 (1898), forged check, State v. Stark, 202 Mo. 210, 100 S.W. 642 (1907), forged deeds; and State v. Morro, 313 Mo. 114, 280 S.W. 697 (1926), forged account books.

The following cases involving prosecutions for uttering a check on an account in which the maker had no funds and for obtaining money by false pretenses through the use of a false and bogus check augur in favor of the conclusion that the complained of testimony was admissible to show defendant's intent to defraud. The accused in State v. McWilliams, 331 S.W.2d 610 (Mo.1960), reversed on other grounds, was charged with writing a check on an account in which he knew he had no funds. The court squarely held in McWilliams that evidence that the accused had passed two similar checks before and two similar checks after the one for which he was charged and standing trial (all five checks were passed over a period of nine days) was admissible as showing accused's intent to defraud. The accused in State v. Hartman, 364 Mo. 1109, 273 S.W.2d 198 (banc 1954), was charged with obtaining money by false pretenses on March 15, 1951, through the use of a false and bogus check. The court held in Hartman that evidence that the accused had passed similar checks on March 14, 1951, and May 11, 1951, was admissible on the issue of accused's intent and that the check passed on May 11, 1951, was not too remote.

The...