State v. Bowman

• Decision Date: 19 December 2018
• Docket Number: NO. 18-KA-517,18-KA-517
• Parties: STATE of Louisiana v. Ronald J. BOWMAN
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

262 So.3d 1075

STATE of Louisiana

v.Ronald J. BOWMAN

NO. 18-KA-517

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit.

December 19, 2018

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE, STATE OF LOUISIANA, Paul D. Connick, Jr., Metairie, Terry M. Boudreaux, Gretna, Anne M. Wallis

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT, RONALD J. BOWMAN, Prentice L. White

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker, Jude G. Gravois, and Marc E. Johnson

JOHNSON, J.

Defendant appeals his conviction and sentence for aggravated burglary on the basis his guilty plea was constitutionally infirm given the absence of a factual basis for his plea and his proclamation of innocence. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

On December 1, 2015, Defendant, Ronald Bowman, and two co-defendants were charged in a bill of information with aggravated burglary. Defendant initially pled not guilty and filed several pre-trial motions, including motions to suppress evidence, statement and identification.¹ On August 10, 2016, Defendant withdrew his not guilty plea and pled guilty as charged. In accordance with the plea agreement, the trial court sentenced Defendant to 15 years imprisonment at hard labor to run concurrently with any other sentence he was currently serving, and the State agreed not to file a multiple offender bill of information against Defendant.

Defendant subsequently filed an application for post-conviction relief, which was dismissed in favor of an out-of-time appeal. In his sole assignment of error on appeal, Defendant argues that his guilty plea is constitutionally infirm and should be set aside on the basis that the record is void of a factual basis upon which his plea was based. He maintains that the only reference to the facts of this case are from the victim impact statement given by the victim's son prior to the imposition of his sentence. Defendant points out that during the son's statement, he interjected and proclaimed that he "did not do it," which he contends put the trial court on notice that he was coerced into pleading guilty. As such, he seeks to withdraw his guilty plea and have the matter remanded for a jury trial.

A defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a guilty plea. State v. Williams , 18-71 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/31/18), 251 So.3d 1250, 1256. Under La. C.Cr.P. art. 559(A), the trial court may permit a defendant to withdraw his guilty plea at any time before he is sentenced. However, once a defendant is sentenced, only those guilty pleas that are constitutionally infirm may be withdrawn by appeal or post-conviction relief. Williams, supra . A guilty plea is constitutionally infirm if it is not entered freely and voluntarily, if the Boykin² colloquy is inadequate, or when a defendant is induced to enter the plea by a plea bargain or what he justifiably believes was a plea bargain and that bargain is not kept. Id.

A guilty plea normally waives all non-jurisdictional defects in the proceedings leading up to the guilty plea and precludes review of such defects by either appeal or post-conviction relief. State v. Dadney , 14-511 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/16/14), 167 So.3d 55, 59, writ denied , 15-90 (La. 10/30/15), 179 So.3d 614. Such a plea waives any right a defendant might have had to question the merits of the State's case and the factual basis underlying the conviction. State v. Hayes , 15-141 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/25/15), 173 So.3d 1222, 1224, writ denied , 15-1789 (La. 9/23/16), 200 So.3d 364.

Louisiana law does not require that a guilty plea be accompanied by a recitation of the factual basis for the crime. State v. Autin , 09-995 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/27/10), 40 So.3d 193, 196, writ denied , 10-1154 (La. 12/10/10), 51 So.3d 725. "[T]he due process clause imposes no constitutional duty on state trial judges to ascertain a factual basis prior to accepting a guilty plea....Louisiana law, unlike [federal law] has no statutory provision requiring accompaniment of a guilty plea by the recitation of a factual basis." State v. Wynne , 40,921 (La. App. 2 Cir. 4/12/06), 926 So.2d 789, 796 (internal citations omitted). Due process requires a finding of a significant factual basis for a defendant's guilty plea only when a defendant proclaims his innocence or when the trial court is otherwise put on notice that there is a need for an inquiry into the factual basis. Autin , supra at 196-97 ; State v. Brooks , 38,963 (La. App. 2 Cir. 9/22/04), 882 So.2d 724, 730, writ denied , 04-2634 (La. 2/18/05), 896 So.2d 30.

A plea accompanied by a claim of innocence is an Alford³ plea and puts the trial court on notice that it must ascertain a factual basis to support the plea. State v. Orman , 97-2089 (La. 1/9/98), 704 So.2d 245 (per curiam ). In a case involving a bona fide Alford plea, the record must contain "strong evidence of actual guilt." Alford , 400 U.S. at 38, 91 S.Ct. at 167. This Court has recognized that where there is an Alford plea, "constitutional due process requires that the record contain ‘strong evidence of actual guilt.’ " State v. Nelson , 17-650 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/23/18), 248 So.3d 683, 686 n.7 ; State v. Bailey , 94-76 (La. App. 5 Cir. 6/28/94), 639 So.2d 860, 864.

Here, Defendant did not enter an Alford plea, but rather entered an unqualified guilty plea. Specifically, at no time during the plea colloquy did Defendant assert his innocence or specify that he was making a qualified plea under Alford . Thus, the trial court was not put on notice that there was a need for a factual basis before accepting Defendant's guilty plea.

A review of the record demonstrates that Defendant was aware he was pleading guilty to aggravated burglary. During the plea colloquy with the trial judge, and in the waiver of rights form, Defendant was advised of his right to a jury trial, his right to confrontation, and his privilege against self-incrimination and that he was waiving those rights by pleading guilty. Defendant verbally acknowledged his understanding of these rights and his waiver of them during the plea colloquy. Additionally, Defendant initialed each right on the waiver of rights form, indicating he understood that he was waiving these rights by pleading guilty.

Further, in the waiver of rights form and during the plea colloquy, Defendant denied that he was forced, coerced, or threatened into entering his guilty plea and indicated that he was satisfied with his legal representation. He denied having any physical or mental impairment

that would affect his ability to enter his plea and acknowledged that he was able to read, write, and understand English.

Defendant was also informed in the waiver of rights form and during the colloquy of the sentencing range of one to 30 years carried by a violation of La. R.S. 14:60 and of the actual sentence of 15 years that he would receive if the trial court accepted his guilty plea. After the plea colloquy, the trial court accepted Defendant's guilty plea as knowingly, intelligently, freely, and voluntarily made. Our review of the record reveals no defect in this guilty plea colloquy that would warrant reversal.

Defendant argues that because he stated that he did not commit the offense during the sentencing hearing, the trial court should have recessed the hearing to allow Defendant to speak to his attorney about his willingness to maintain his guilty plea and to determine his state of mind. We find no merit to this argument.

After the trial court accepted Defendant's guilty plea, Defendant waived delays. The victim's son then proceeded to give a victim impact statement. During this statement, the trial court interrupted and the following exchange occurred:

THE COURT:

Mr. Bowman, I'm going to advise you of this one last time, this first time and not again that while this gentleman is talking to you, do not speak back, and if I'm understanding what I'm hearing you say as you're sitting over there is "I didn't do it." Well, if that's the case, this Court's [sic]

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