State v. Brewer, 24699

• Citation: 328 S.C. 117,492 S.E.2d 97
• Decision Date: 13 October 1997
• Docket Number: No. 24699,24699
• Court: South Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: The STATE, Respondent, v. Johnny BREWER, Appellant.

Page 97

492 S.E.2d 97

328 S.C. 117

The STATE, Respondent, v. Johnny BREWER, Appellant.

No. 24699.

Supreme Court of South Carolina.

Submitted Sept. 29, 1997.

Decided Oct. 13, 1997.

John D. Delgado, Columbia, for appellant.

Attorney General Charles Molony Condon, Deputy Attorney General, John W. McIntosh, Assistant Deputy Attorney General, Donald J. Zelenka, Columbia; and Solicitor Donald V. Myers, Lexington, for respondent.

PER CURIAM:

Following the denial of appellant's motion to proceed pro se in this capital case, we issued a writ of certiorari to review the decision of the circuit court. We reverse.

It is well-established that an accused may waive the right to counsel and proceed pro se. Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975); State v. Dixon, 269 S.C. 107, 236 S.E.2d 419 (1977). Although a defendant's decision to proceed pro se may be to the defendant's own detriment, it "must be honored out of that respect for the individual which is the lifeblood of the law." Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. at 834, 95 S.Ct. at 2541, 45 L.Ed.2d at 581.

The right to proceed pro se must be clearly asserted by the defendant prior to trial. State v. Sims, 304 S.C. 409, 405 S.E.2d 377 (1991); United States v. Lorick, 753 F.2d 1295 (4th Cir.1985). The trial judge has the responsibility to ensure that the accused is informed of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation, and makes a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel. Faretta v. California, supra; State v. Dixon, supra. The ultimate test of whether a defendant has made a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel is not the trial judge's advice, but the defendant's understanding. Graves v. State, 309 S.C. 307, 422 S.E.2d 125 (1992). A determination by the trial judge that the accused lacks the expertise or technical legal knowledge to proceed pro se does not justify a denial of the right to self-representation; the only relevant inquiry is whether the accused made a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel. Faretta v. California, supra; United States v. Bennett, 539 F.2d 45 (10th Cir.1976).

In ruling on appellant's motion to proceed pro se, the trial judge stated, "If this was [sic] not a death penalty case, perhaps my ruling would be different. But I am of the view that the court has adequately explained to you your right of self representation, and I think that you understand it, but I don't think you appreciate it. I think you've understood what I have said, but I think you have failed, for whatever motive or reason that you have, to accept it ..." Although the judge found that he had adequately explained appellant's right of self-representation and appellant understood it, he stated that appellant did not "appreciate it" and had failed to "accept it." According to the trial judge, "because of the irreversible nature of the consequences," allowing appellant to represent himself in this case "is fraught with inherent disastrous consequences."

There is no prohibition against a capital defendant knowingly and intelligently waiving the right to counsel. See State v. Brown, 289 S.C. 581, 347 S.E.2d 882 (1986) (trial judge properly determined a capital defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel where the trial judge informed him that he was not entitled to appointed counsel because he was not indigent and advised him of the...