State v. Johnson

• Decision Date: 17 January 1972
• Docket Number: No. 51372,51372
• Citation: 257 So.2d 654,260 La. 902
• Parties: STATE of Louisiana v. Lawrence E. JOHNSON.
• Court: Louisiana Supreme Court

Page 654

257 So.2d 654

260 La. 902

STATE of Louisiana v. Lawrence E. JOHNSON.

No. 51372.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

Jan. 17, 1972.

Concurring Opinion Jan. 25, 1972.

Rehearing Denied Feb. 21, 1972.

Peter J. Compagno, George M. Leppert, New Orleans, for defendant-appellant.

Jack P. F. Gremillion, Atty. Gen., Harry H. Howard, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jim Garrison, Dist. Atty., Louise Korns, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

McCALEB, Chief Justice.

Lawrence E. Johnson was charged with the crime of simple kidnapping in violation of R.S. 14:45. On September 22, 1969 he appeared for arraignment accompanied by his attorney. At that time counsel waived the reading of the bill of information and entered a plea of 'Not Guilty.' On April 30, 1970, following several continuances, he again appeared with his counsel and, with permission of the court, withdrew his former plea of 'Not Guilty', substituting therefor a plea of 'Guilty as Charged.' On motion of the defense the court ordered a pre-sentence investigation by the Department of Institutions, Probation and Parole Division, and deferred sentencing until a report was made by that body.

On June 15, 1970, when the case was called for sentencing, the accused, through counsel, requested the court to permit him to withdraw the plea of 'Guilty as Charged' so that he could enter a plea of not guilty. The motion was denied. Thereafter, the defendant was sentenced to serve a term of five years at hard labor in the State Penitentiary.

One perfected bill of exceptions is before us on this appeal. It is directed primarily to the court's ruling which denied the appellant's motion to withdraw his former plea of guilty.

The motion, which was made orally in open court, was based on the assertion that the appellant thought that he was pleading guilty to aggravated battery and not simple kidnapping.

As heretofore shown, the bill of information was not read at the time of arraignment, due to the fact that such reading was waived by defense counsel. But the note in evidence taken when the guilty plea was entered shows that the court questioned appellant in detail as to the voluntariness of his plea, called to his attention the fact that he was waiving his right to trial by jury and informed him that the maximum penalty for the offense is $2,000 or imprisonment with or without hard labor for not more than five years, or both (the penalty prescribed by R.S. 14:45 for simple kidnapping). ¹

While the motion to withdraw the plea of guilty was under discussion appellant's attorney stated very plainly that 'I distinctly remember pleading guilty to simple kidnapping After reviewing this entire matter with him and having an intimate knowledge of the facts, * * *'. (Emphasis added.) Later counsel observed that:

'I distinctly remember explaining that in view of the facts that I was aware of, that it would serve no purpose to go to trial. And, I explained to him, assuming that the witness was available which I believe that the day he pleaded guilty, this young lady was in the courtroom, and that she would testify, as the officers observed, Your Honor, at the scene of the crime, that it would be a futile thing to go to trial, and instead, we should enter a plea of guilty, the best that I could do in negotiating with the Assistant District Attorney, Mr. Wimberly. And, I recommended it, Your Honor, and I remember distinctly when the Court in detail pointed out, as it does, as it does as of late, in compliance with the Supreme Court decision, that this man understood his crime after asking various questions, Your Honor.' ²

When appellant stated to the court that he thought he was pleading to a charge of aggravated battery, ³ the trial judge pointed out to him that the possible penalty for aggravated battery was greater than that for simple kidnapping, and that because of his record the district attorney could also have filed a multiple offender charge against him, which he did not do. Whereupon, appellant then asserted that he did not know the charge to which he was pleading guilty.

The trial judge in his per curiam observes that, prior to the sentencing proceeding, defense counsel was notified in chambers that the Probation Department had recommended against probation. He concluded that 'The Court cannot let a defendant plead guilty and later withdraw his said plea after he is advised that he will not get a suspended sentence. This was his only reason for wanting to change his plea * * *.'

It has long been the rule that the granting of permission to withdraw a plea of guilty or not guilty rests within the sound discretion of the trial judge. C.Cr.Proc. Art. 559. State v. Foster, 164 La. 813, 114 So. 696; State v. Shropulas, 164 La. 940, 114 So. 844; State v. Ward, 246 La. 766, 167 So.2d 359; State v. Matlock, 249 La. 37, 184 So.2d 548; and State v. Glantz, 254 La. 306, 223 So.2d 813.

Under the circumstances set forth above, we find no abuse of the trial court's denial of permission to withdraw the guilty plea. Undoubtedly, the questioning by the trial judge, prior to his acceptance of the plea, established its voluntariness and informed the accused of the consequences of pleading guilty to the charge. As shown, his counsel stated unequivocally that he knew that the charge was simple kidnapping, and that the plea of guilty was entered only after a full discussion of the matter with the accused. In view of this and considering the time which elapsed between the entering of the plea and the attempt to withdraw it, we conclude, as did the trial judge, that appellant's action was prompted solely by his disappointment on the date fixed for sentence, when he was informed that his request for probation had been denied. Appellant's statement, first, that he thought he had pleaded guilty to aggravated battery and, subsequently--that he was unaware of the charge to which he pleaded--is unimpressive. Indeed, his explanation taxes our credulity.

As was aptly stated in State v. Matlock, supra, 'We cannot allow a defendant to test the sentence by a guilty plea and then withdraw the plea merely because of dissatisfaction with the sentence. ⁴

In brief to this Court present defense counsel also argue, in connection with the bill of exceptions, that the trial court erred in denying the then defense counsel's motion to withdraw, because this amounted to denial of the right to effective representation by counsel at the time of sentencing.

They assert that 'We consider the confusion and hostility between the defendant and his counsel as bearing upon the circumstances which should have prompted the court to grant a continuance, allow the defendant to obtain other counsel and then exercise his discretion, one way or another.'

There is no merit in the contention. The transcript of the proceedings does not demonstrate any 'hostility' between appellant and his former counsel. In view of appellant's desire to change his plea, it was incumbent on his counsel to report truthfully to the court his recollection of what occurred when the plea was entered, in order that the court might rule intelligently on the request, albeit it was at variance with the appellant's statements.

Moreover, we do not perceive how the securing of another attorney would have changed the then counsel's version of the circumstances. The record reveals that the former counsel assiduously urged to the court that the motion to withdraw the plea be granted. Further, he took all the procedural steps necessary to perfect an appeal so that the trial court's ruling might be reviewed by us.

Under the conditions, a continuance was not in order and we find no error or prejudice in the court's pronouncing sentence without further delay.

For the reasons assigned the conviction and sentence are affirmed.

SUMMERS, Justice (concurring).

In my view the Boykin issue was properly presented and this Court should have overruled State ex rel. Jackson v. Henderson, 260 La. 90, 255 So.2d 85 (1971) insofar as it seeks to establish the Boykin standards and makes them obligatory on Louisiana Courts.

Though not forthrightly, the majority opinion properly overrules State ex rel. Jackson v. Henderson and interprets the rule announced in Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969), when the Court states that defendant did not properly present the Boykin issue, for there was no contention by defendant that 'the guilty plea was entered involuntarily, nor unintelligently, because he did not have a full understanding of what the plea connoted and its consequences.'

In my view the decision in State ex rel. Jackson v. Henderson interprets Boykin v. Alabama much more strictly and technically than the Boykin opinion itself warrants. To properly interpret Boykin v. Alabama it is necessary to read the opinion in connection with McCarthy v. United States, 394 U.S. 459, 89 S.Ct. 1166, 22 L.Ed.2d 418 (1969), and Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.

Although the United States Supreme Court states in its opinion in Boykin that several federal constitutional rights are waived when a plea of guilty is entered in a state court--among them the privilege against compulsory self-incrimination, the right to trial by jury, and the right to confront one's accusers--nowhere does the Boykin opinion state that an accused who pleads guilty must specifically and serially waive each of these rights in turn.

The same rights against self-incrimination are mentioned in McCarthy v. United States. This latter case involving a federal prosecution simply holds that when the record shows noncompliance with Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure in the Federal District Court at the time an accused pleads guilty, the guilty plea must be set aside.

Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure simply provides 1) that the court shall not accept a plea of guilty without first addressing the accused personally and determining...