State v. Jones

• Decision Date: 22 March 1995
• Citation: 901 S.W.2d 393
• Parties: STATE of Tennessee, Appellee, v. Ronald L. JONES, Appellant.
• Court: Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 393

901 S.W.2d 393

STATE of Tennessee, Appellee, v. Ronald L. JONES, Appellant.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee,

at Jackson.

March 22, 1995.

No Permission to Appeal Applied

for to the Supreme Court.

David Hooper, Memphis (on appeal), Betty J. Thomas, Asst. Public Defender, Memphis (at trial), for appellant.

Charles W. Burson, Atty. Gen. and Reporter, Nashville, Joel W. Perry, Asst. Atty. Gen., Crim. Justice Div., Nashville, Terrell L. Harris, Asst. Dist. Atty. Gen., Memphis, for appellee.

OPINION

WADE, Judge.

The defendant, Ronald Jones, was convicted of aggravated burglary. The trial court imposed a Range III sentence of 15 years. In this appeal, the defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence; argues the trial court improperly failed to suppress certain evidence; claims the trial court failed to charge a lesser included offense; and complains that he was improperly classified as a Range III offender.

We affirm the conviction and remand to the trial court for further sentencing.

On January 22, 1992, Officer David Tate of the Memphis Police Department observed the defendant walking near the intersection of Rozelle and Southern in Memphis and "carrying a large square object wrapped in a [white] garbage bag on top of his head." Officer Tate stopped and asked the defendant what was in the bag. When the defendant identified the object as a VCR, the officer asked where he had acquired it. The defendant told him he had just left an electronics repair store at Lamar and Southern. Because Officer Tate knew that there was no such business in that area, he asked the defendant to identify himself and to show him the way to the electronics store. The defendant replied that he could not remember the location; and, after initially identifying himself as "Danny Jones," the defendant told the officer that he was "Ronald Jones," and that he lived on Felix Street. The defendant had no receipt but claimed he had papers at his home which would prove his ownership. He agreed to allow the officer to take him to his residence but refused to provide the officer with his specific address. Officer Tate, however, asked a passerby for directions and learned that the defendant lived with his father, Willie Walls. After they arrived at the residence, Officer Tate found out from Walls that the defendant did not own a VCR. The defendant then was placed under arrest. On the next day, Officer Tate learned that a VCR and a video tape had been stolen from the residence of Ruth Archer.

About two hours after the defendant's arrest, Ms. Archer returned to her condominium, observed that her glass patio door had been broken out, and discovered that her VCR and a video tape were missing. A trash can had been dumped on the floor and a white trash bag had been removed. When contacted by Officer Tate on the following day, Ms. Archer was able to identify both the VCR and the video tape.

The defendant did not testify. His longtime friend, Vincent Ford, testified that he had observed the defendant purchase the VCR from two black males driving a green Chevrolet only minutes before he had been confronted by Officer Tate. Ford testified that the defendant paid "$40.00 or $50.00" for the VCR. On direct examination, Ford admitted that he had pled guilty to a burglary charge in 1984 and to selling a controlled substance in 1989. On cross-examination, the state established that Ford had been convicted of attempt to commit a felony and shoplifting in 1986, had been convicted of theft in 1989, had been convicted of larceny in 1984, and had used at least two aliases on prior occasions in order to hide his true identity.

Initially, the defendant asserts that the evidence was insufficient to establish that he entered the residence of the victim and stole the VCR. When, however, there is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, the state is entitled to the strongest legitimate view of the proof at trial and all reasonable inferences which might have been drawn therefrom. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 836 (Tenn.1978). A jury verdict, approved by the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the state and resolves any conflicts in the evidence in favor of the state's theory. State v. Williams, 657 S.W.2d 405, 410 (Tenn.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1073, 104 S.Ct. 1429, 79 L.Ed.2d 753 (1984). This court may neither reweigh nor reevaluate the proof offered at trial and must not substitute its inferences for those drawn by the trier of fact. Liakas v. State, 199 Tenn. 298, 286 S.W.2d 856 (1956). The ultimate issue is whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Tenn.R.App.P. 13(e).

Moreover, a criminal offense may be established exclusively by circumstantial evidence. Duchac v. State, 505 S.W.2d 237 (Tenn.1973), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 877, 95 S.Ct. 141, 42 L.Ed.2d 117 (1974); Marable v. State, 203 Tenn. 440, 313 S.W.2d 451 (1958). If the trier of fact can determine from the proof that all other reasonable theories except that of guilt are excluded, the evidence is sufficient.

Here, it is apparent that the jury acted within its prerogative in determining that the defendant was guilty of aggravated burglary. In fact, unsatisfactorily explained possession of recently stolen property may be sufficient in and of itself to establish a burglary. State v. Hamilton, 628 S.W.2d 742 (Tenn.Crim.App.1981).

Next, the defendant claims that the trial court should have suppressed the statements he had made to Officer Tate. The state claims that Miranda warnings were not required because the officer was merely investigating suspicious circumstances. Generally, Miranda warnings must precede a custodial interrogation. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966); see Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420, 104 S.Ct. 3138, 82 L.Ed.2d 317 (1984). Officers are not, however, required to provide Miranda warnings as a prerequisite to asking general questions. State v. Morris, 224 Tenn. 437, 456 S.W.2d 840 (1970); State v. Williams, 623 S.W.2d 118 (Tenn.Crim.App.1981). Statements made during the investigative stages before a defendant becomes a suspect are admissible into evidence. State v. Crocker, 697 S.W.2d 362 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); State v. Johnson, 670 S.W.2d 634 (Tenn.Crim.App.1984). In State v. Snapp, 696 S.W.2d 370 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985), this court held that a temporary, public roadside detention is not so police dominated as to require Miranda warnings. These facts are similar. Thus we find that the trial court properly overruled the motion to suppress.

Next, the defendant complains that the trial court committed error by failing to charge the lesser included offense of theft. In response, the state argues the waiver of the issue for failure to cite authority or make appropriate references to the record and otherwise submits, without other argument, that "the trial court properly...