State v. Peterson

• Decision Date: 31 August 1978
• Docket Number: No. 44834,44834
• Citation: 585 P.2d 66,90 Wn.2d 423
• Parties: The STATE of Washington, Appellant, v. Edward G. PETERSON, Respondent.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

Page 423

90 Wn.2d 423

585 P.2d 66

The STATE of Washington, Appellant, v. Edward G. PETERSON, Respondent.

No. 44834.

Supreme Court of Washington, En Banc.

Aug. 31, 1978.

Robert E. Schillberg, Snohomish County Pros. Atty., Timothy P. Ryan, Deputy Pros. Atty., Everett, for appellant.

Peter G. Rothschild, Asst. Public Defender, Everett, for respondent.

UTTER, Justice.

The Superior Court for Snohomish County dismissed all charges filed by the prosecuting attorney of Snohomish County against Edward G. Peterson, respondent herein, on the ground that the provisions of CrR 3.3 had not been followed. Snohomish County, as appellant herein, raises three issues: (1) whether the prosecutor's action violated CrR 3.3 providing for trial within 90 days, or 60 days if the defendant is in custody, after the time of preliminary appearance; (2) whether RCW 9.100 controls and makes CrR 3.3 inapplicable; and (3) whether a new charge based on the same incident, filed for the first time in 1977, is proper even if the old charge is dismissed. We hold the trial court ruled properly in finding CrR 3.3 had been violated and in finding the prosecutor's other contentions to be without merit.

Respondent committed an armed robbery on January 17, 1975, in Marysville. Two officers were summoned to the scene and chased respondent, who fired at them as they were involved in a high-speed chase. Respondent was captured and booked in Snohomish County on charges of robbery and assault. He was then transferred to King County to the custody of federal officials where the federal court set bail on federal charges at $10,000. Concern was expressed by some personnel in Snohomish County law enforcement over the low amount of this bail. The trial court's oral opinion indicated this concern was the motivation behind filing a complaint in Snohomish County district court charging assault in the first degree. Bail was set on that charge at $100,000 and a detainer was placed on respondent. Respondent pleaded guilty to the federal charge in March 1975, and was confined in McNeil Island federal penitentiary on those charges in May 1975. The detainer followed him.

No one took action on the Snohomish County charges until March 1976. Indeed, respondent apparently did not become aware of the detainer against him until that time. Since then, he has continually attempted to obtain a disposition on those charges. He immediately filed a motion in the Superior Court for Snohomish County to dismiss the charges, a copy of which was sent to the county sheriff. He next petitioned this court for disposition of the charges, and was advised that the petition should be filed in the Court of Appeals. A copy of the Supreme Court Clerk's response was sent to the Snohomish County Prosecuting Attorney. Respondent followed this advice and filed a personal restraint petition with the Court of Appeals in July 1976. Finally, on August 5, 1976, respondent took action which forced the Snohomish County prosecutor to respond he made formal request for dismissal of the charges under the agreement on detainers act, RCW 9.100. On January 10, 1977, the Snohomish County prosecutor's office agreed with federal prison officials to take custody of the respondent. The next day an information was filed charging respondent with two counts of assault in the first degree. One count was essentially the same as the assault charge filed by complaint in district court 2 years earlier. The other was connected with the same incident but related to another victim.

The record fails to reflect any action by the prosecutor designed to bring respondent to trial until after respondent's formal request under RCW 9.100, and appellant concedes that until that time no effort was made to locate, and determine the availability of, the respondent. After filing the complaint and obtaining a warrant in district court, the prosecutor took no additional steps to seek disposition of the outstanding charges against the respondent.

I

CrR 3.3 mandates that a defendant be tried within 90 days, or, if unable to obtain pretrial release then within 60 days, following his preliminary appearance. The problem with the application of CrR 3.3 in this case is created by the failure of the prosecution to give respondent a "preliminary appearance" as required by JCrR 2.03(a)(1) or the opportunity to immediately post bail. The difficulty exists "because the prosecutor did not use the procedure contemplated by the rules, I. e., an appearance in justice court pursuant to JCrR 2.03 which would have triggered the time limits of CrR 3.3(b)." State v. Elizondo, 85 Wash.2d 935, 937, 540 P.2d 1370, 1371 (1975).

In State v. Striker, 87 Wash.2d 870, 557 P.2d 847 (1976), a similar difficulty arose. Informations were filed in superior court but no warrant or summons was issued to bring the defendants before the court. When the defendants eventually were arraigned, the 90-day time limit provided in CrR 3.3(b) had run. The court noted, "the rules do not authorize a period of delay between the filing of an indictment and the arrest or summons of the defendant, where he is amenable to process. If the rules are followed, the preliminary appearance will occur shortly after the indictment or information is filed, and a speedy trial will be afforded if the time is calculated from the date of the appearance." Striker, at 871-72, 557 P.2d at 848.

The issue the court had to resolve in Striker concerned the applicable date from which to calculate the period in which the defendant must be brought to trial, when no preliminary appearance was held within a reasonable time after filing of the information. In Striker, we held at page 877, 557 P.2d at page 852:

In order to protect the right of the accused, and in accordance with the manifest policy expressed in the rules, to discourage prosecutorial delays which are not approved by the court, we hold that in such circumstances a prosecution must be dismissed with prejudice on timely motion of the defendant, if it is not brought to trial within the time specified in CrR 3.3, after the information or indictment is filed. This holding is in harmony with the intent and spirit of the rules which are designed to afford a speedy trial.

Although the charge in Striker was by information rather than justice court complaint, we see no legal significance in this distinction. The legal effect on the defendant is the same and he is under charge in either event. The presence or absence of a warrant is likewise without significance as the prosecutor has the choice of whether or not to secure the warrant.

Application of the principles enunciated in Striker requires that the time provisions of CrR 3.3 and JCrR 2.03 run from the date the complaint and warrant are issued. Appellants failed to qualify within the methods of relief available from the running of the rule found in CrR 3.3(d), (e), and (f). Subsection (d) would exclude from the computation of time the period during which the defendant is facing federal charges. State v. Young, 89 Wash.2d 613, 574 P.2d 1171 (1978). However, even excluding that time here from January until May 1975 the outer limits of the time allowed under CrR 3.3 are still exceeded. Additionally, the prosecutor sought no relief under CrR 3.3(e), allowing for continuances if requested in a timely manner for good cause shown. Finally, under 3.3(f) the speedy trial time limits applicable to a defendant who is "absent and thereby unavailable for trial" do not run until the defendant is actually present. However, unavailability as established under this rule can be shown only if the prosecution demonstrates good faith and diligent efforts to obtain the availability of the defendant. State v. Williams, 87 Wash.2d 916, 557 P.2d 1311 (1976). We agree with that portion of State v. Hattori, 19 Wash.App. 74, 78-79, 573 P.2d 829 (1978), wherein the Court of Appeals states:

(A) defendant cannot be considered "unavailable" for purposes of CrR 3.3(f) if his whereabouts are known and reasonable efforts are not taken to obtain his presence in the county wherein the charges are pending. If the State fails to exercise reasonable efforts in obtaining the defendant's presence, the time periods shall not "accrue anew" within the meaning of CrR 3.3(f). In determining whether the State has acted reasonably, the time necessary for transporting the defendant back to this state and administrative delays caused by the foreign jurisdiction, as well as whether the defendant waives extradition, are important factors to be considered.

There has been no showing of reasonable efforts here.

Appellant also points to the incarceration of the respondent in federal prison, and urges that this factor alters the application of CrR 3.3. Counsel for appellant cited, in oral argument, section 3.2 from the ABA Standards Relating to Speedy Trial (Approved Draft, 1968), which provides that time periods for prisoners incarcerated in other jurisdictions should run from the time that presence for trial has been obtained. Appellant correctly notes that we often look to these ABA standards to evaluate situations not within the coverage of CrR 3.3. See State v. Striker, 87 Wash.2d 870, 557 P.2d 847 (1976); State v. Parmele, 87 Wash.2d...