State v. Presley, 13748

• Citation: 694 S.W.2d 867
• Decision Date: 26 June 1985
• Docket Number: No. 13748,13748
• Parties: STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Kenneth R. PRESLEY, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Missouri (US)

Page 867

694 S.W.2d 867

STATE of Missouri, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Kenneth R. PRESLEY, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 13748.

Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, Division Two.

June 26, 1985.

Motion for Rehearing or Transfer

Denied July 23, 1985.

Stephen P. Seigel, Springfield, for defendant-appellant.

William L. Webster, Atty. Gen., Leah A. Murray, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for plaintiff-respondent.

MAUS, Judge.

By a multi-count information, the defendant was charged with seven sexual offenses. The alleged victims were his stepdaughter, 12 years old, and his adopted daughter, 9 years old. A jury found him guilty of each charge. By the imposition of consecutive sentences the defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for 56 years to be followed by a one-year sentence to the county jail. A detailed statement of the sordid facts is not necessary for consideration of the five points presented by defendant's appeal.

The defendant concedes his motion for a change of judge was untimely filed. However, for his first point he contends the trial judge's self-disqualification was mandatory because the judge had acted in the adoption proceeding of one of the victims by defendant and his wife. The record does not show this to be true nor that self-disqualification was urged upon the trial judge. Nonetheless, the defendant argues the judge was prejudiced because of his reaction to participation in placing the child with one who allegedly abused her. The point will be considered ex gratia.

Self-disqualification is the subject of Rule 2, Canon 3 C. The basic criterion is that "[a] judge should disqualify himself in a proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned, ...." It is not every familiarity with a defendant or a party involved in a proceeding that causes disqualification to be necessitated. For example, it has been so held where the judge was supervising the probation of one of the state's witnesses. State v. Benson, 633 S.W.2d 200 (Mo.App.1982). The same is true where the trial judge heard a defendant's abortive plea of guilty. State v. Faber, 499 S.W.2d 790 (Mo.1973).

One who is a judge is entitled to a presumption he will not undertake to preside in a trial in which he cannot be impartial. Ramsey v. Grayland, 567 S.W.2d 682 (Mo.App.1978). The trial judge's alleged past experience with the defendant and victim does not cast doubt upon that presumption. It does not cause his ability to be impartial to be reasonably questioned. Indeed, the record demonstrates the trial judge accorded the defendant a fair trial as measured by the highest standard of judicial skill and impartiality. Cf. Rule 32.09; Manis v. State, 659 S.W.2d 337 (Mo.App.1983).

In the state's opening statement, the prosecuting attorney said the evidence would show the defendant's illicit sexual activities with his children also occurred on dates not charged. The defendant's objection to an impermissible reference to "other crimes" was overruled. For his second point the defendant contends this was reversible error.

The defendant did not object and does not assert error because the crimes charged and referred to involved different victims. Therefore, it is not necessary to treat at length a point that was not raised or preserved. Those interested may consult State v. Simerly, 463 S.W.2d 846 (Mo.1971); State v. Applegate, 668 S.W.2d 624 (Mo.App.1984); State v. McDaniels, 668 S.W.2d 230 (Mo.App.1984); State v. Hastings, 628 S.W.2d 678 (Mo.App.1982); Annot., Evidence--Similar Sexual Offenses, 77 A.L.R.2d 841 (1961). But see State v. McElroy, 518 S.W.2d 459 (Mo.App.1975).

The defendant cites the general rule that evidence of a separate crime is admissible only if it has some legitimate tendency to prove guilt of the crime charged by establishing motive, intent, absence of mistake or accident, a common plan or the identity of the defendant. See State v. Lee, 486 S.W.2d 412 (Mo.1972). That is a recognized general rule. However, in cases of this nature "[i]t is well settled that in a prosecution for these offenses, evidence of prior sexual acts between the victim and the defendant are admissible even though they constitute proof of the commission of separate crimes." State v. Williams, 654 S.W.2d 215, 217 (Mo.App.1983). Also see State v. Graham, 641 S.W.2d 102 (Mo. banc 1982); State v. Simerly, supra; State v. Cole, 581 S.W.2d 875 (Mo.App.1979). The defendant's second point is denied.

By his third point the defendant contends the evidence was insufficient because the testimony of the victims was inconsistent and contradictory and not corroborated. The defendant points to instances of confusion and contradiction in the testimony of the two children. He also refers to prior contradictory statements. He then cites State v. Baldwin, 571 S.W.2d 236 (Mo. banc 1978), in which the rule was stated, "[i]t is only in those cases where the evidence of the prosecutrix is of a contradictory nature or, when applied to the admitted facts in the case, her testimony is not convincing and leaves the mind of the court clouded with doubts, that she must be corroborated or a judgment cannot be sustained." Id. at p. 239. Also see State v. Harris, 620 S.W.2d 349 (Mo. banc 1981); State v. Chamberlain, 648 S.W.2d 238 (Mo.App.1983). The principle of State v. Baldwin, supra, "does not appertain, however, where the inconsistency or even contradiction bears on a proof not essential to the case." State v. Salkil, 659 S.W.2d 330, 333 (Mo.App.1983).

This court has with consideration of this point reviewed the various statements and testimony of the victims. In view of the age of the victims and their extensive interrogation, it is not unexpected that some inconsistencies and contradictions developed. By reason of the nature of the acts, the testimony of the victims shocks the senses. To that extent it is incredible. However, this is not the type of doubt contemplated by the stated rule.

It would serve no purpose to recount all of the evidence. It is sufficient that this court finds that in respect to each count there is no inconsistency or conflict in the victims' testimony concerning the essential proof of the offense or, where such inconsistency or conflict could be said to exist, there is corroboration. For example, whether the occasion for a party one victim attended the day of her rape was a graduation or other event was not an inconsistency or contradiction within the rule. The rape of one victim by the 14-year-old stepson of the defendant, at the instance of the defendant, in the presence of defendant's natural son, is corroborated by the testimony of that stepson. Further, the four charged rapes of the two victims are corroborated by their physical examinations. State v. Laney, 506 S.W.2d 452 (Mo.1974). The defendant's third point has no merit.

Count IV charged the defendant with rape by having intercourse with his adopted daughter to whom he was not married and who was less than 14 years of age in violation of § 566.030. As stated, the evidence to support this charge was that the defendant's 14-year-old stepson had intercourse with the victim at the instance of the defendant. This count was submitted to the jury under an instruction drawn from MAI-CR2d 2.12. Essentially, the instruction told the jury that if the stepson had intercourse with the victim to whom he was not married and who was less than 14 years of age the "offense of rape has occurred." The instruction then hypothesized that if the jury found, "with the purpose of promoting or furthering the commission of rape, the defendant acted together with or aided [name of stepson] in committing that offense" the defendant was guilty under that count of rape. See MAI-CR2d 2.12.

By point four the defendant contends giving this instruction constituted reversible error. He argues that the stepson was only 14 years of age and could not be guilty of rape under § 566.030. The basic premise for this point is stated: "Appellant therefore contends that he cannot then be convicted of rape by aiding or encouraging another in the commission of an act which itself may not constitute rape."

Section 566.030, defining the crime of rape, places no restrictions upon the age of the male. For this reason the point does not present for consideration the argument that no one committed the physical acts proscribed by the statute. Further, for the resolution of this point it is not necessary to decide whether or not a male 14 years of age is guilty of the crime of rape by committing those physical acts. See State v. Jackson, 142 S.W.2d 45 (Mo.1940). Compare §§ 211.031 and 211.071. For this point it may be assumed that even though a 14-year-old male committed the proscribed physical acts, by reason of his age, he is not subject to prosecution for or guilty of the crime. However, that assumption does not absolve the defendant. The decisive sections of the Criminal Code are § 562.041 and § 562.046. In part § 562.041 provides:

1. A person is criminally responsible for the conduct of another when

....

(2) Either before or during the commission of an offense with the purpose of promoting the commission of an offense, he aids or agrees to aid or attempts to aid such other person in planning, committing or attempting to commit the offense.

The pertinent parts of § 562.046 read:

It is no defense to any prosecution for an offense in which the criminal responsibility of the defendant is based upon the conduct of another that

(1) Such other person has been acquitted or has not been convicted or has been convicted of some other offense or degree of offense or lacked criminal capacity or was unaware of the defendant's criminal purpose or is immune from prosecution or is not amenable to justice; ....

It is not necessary to resort to rules of construction or the citation of authorities to hold that by aiding the stepson in the conduct proscribed by § 566.030 the defendant was guilty of the crime of rape even...