State v. Turner

• Decision Date: 11 May 1982
• Docket Number: No. 4805-1-II,4805-1-II
• Citation: 644 P.2d 1224,31 Wn.App. 843
• Parties: The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. James Edward TURNER, Appellant.
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals

Page 843

31 Wn.App. 843

644 P.2d 1224

The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. James Edward TURNER, Appellant.

No. 4805-1-II.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 2.

May 11, 1982.

Robert E. Ellis, Silverdale, for appellant.

C. Danny Clem, Pros. Atty., Kenneth G. Bell, Deputy Pros. Atty., Port Orchard, for respondent.

WORSWICK, Judge.

Defendant appeals multiple convictions arising out of a nighttime, violent armed robbery of a family in their residence. He claims error in the admission of his custodial statements, that he was exposed to double jeopardy because of the multiplicity of charges and that his sentence was too severe. Additional claims are made in a pro se brief. We affirm.

During the early evening hours of January 7, 1980, William Sackman, his wife and their two children, ages ten and seven, respectively, were at their home near Seabeck, Kitsap County. About 7:30 p. m., there were two knocks at the door. Mr. Sackman went to the back bedroom because he was not suitably dressed to receive visitors. Mrs. Sackman opened the door and was confronted by a black male armed with a shotgun (later identified as defendant) and a white male armed with a revolver. Defendant stated, "This is a stick up," grabbed Mrs. Sackman by the arm, pushed her back toward the living room and told her to lie on the floor. Defendant told the children to lie on the floor and also told them that if they kept their heads down they would not get hurt.

Defendant confronted Mr. Sackman in the bedroom, stated "this is a stick up" and ordered him to lie down on the floor with his hands behind his back. Defendant pointed the shotgun at Mr. Sackman's stomach. After Mr. Sackman complied, defendant put the shotgun behind his ear and demanded "all of your money or this is going off ..." Mr. Sackman told defendant of his wallet in the bedroom. Defendant responded that Mr. Sackman "better come up with more than that or it's going off." Thereafter, Mr. Sackman was made to lie on the floor of the living room with the other members of his family. Defendant's accomplice placed pillow cases over the heads of both Mr. and Mrs. Sackman and coats over the heads of the children. Mr. and Mrs. Sackman were also handcuffed.

Numerous items of property were taken, including a number of rifles and shotguns, approximately $100.00 cash from Mr. Sackman's wallet and Mrs. Sackman's purse, a quantity of ammunition, a pair of binoculars, a ring from a nightstand in the bedroom, two rings from Mrs. Sackman's hand (although those items were not removed from the Sackman residence) and a substantial collection of coins. In addition, a metal box containing personal papers was handled and opened during this period.

After some time, the children were taken from the living room and were placed in a bedroom closet. Thereafter, Mr. and Mrs. Sackman were taken to the same closet. Defendant instructed them to stay in the closet or they would be shot. Defendant and the other male then left.

Defendant claims error in the admission of his pretrial statements contending he was undergoing heroin withdrawal when questioned and did not voluntarily waive his Miranda rights. When such an allegation is made, we must determine whether the statements were the product of a rational intellect and a free will. State v. Gregory, 79 Wash.2d 637, 488 P.2d 757 (1971), overruled on other grounds, State v. Rogers, 83 Wash.2d 553, 520 P.2d 159 (1974). Intoxication alone does not, as a matter of law render a defendant's custodial statements involuntary and thus inadmissible. State v. Smith, 15 Wash.App. 103, 547 P.2d 299 (1976).

Following a CrR 3.5 hearing, the court made findings to which no error has been assigned. They are verities on this appeal. State v. Christian, 95 Wash.2d 655, 628 P.2d 806 (1981). These findings establish that (1) defendant was repeatedly advised of his Miranda rights; (2) he indicated he wanted to waive them; (3) he appeared rational at all times; and (4) the jail physician saw no necessity for medical treatment. The court concluded that defendant had waived his Miranda rights and that the statements were voluntary and admissible. We agree.

Defendant was charged with, and found guilty of, first degree robbery of husband (count I), first degree robbery of wife (count II), first degree burglary (count III), first degree assault of son (count IV), first degree assault of daughter (count V) and conspiracy to commit first degree robbery (count VI). He contends the convictions for assault, burglary and conspiracy are barred on either double jeopardy or statutory merger grounds because, essentially, only a robbery occurred during a single event.

Defendant was sentenced concurrently on counts I, III, IV, V and VI. Therefore, his contention is fully disposed of by State v. Johnson, 96 Wash.2d 926, 639 P.2d 1332 (1982), in which our Supreme Court reaffirmed the Washington rule that a defendant is being punished only once for his unlawful act if given concurrent sentences for multiple convictions and if the resulting disposition does not exceed the penalty for any one of the offenses of which he was properly convicted. That rule applies precisely to defendant.

Defendant contends the State was prohibited by the double jeopardy clause from charging him with two counts of robbery. Because the sentence on count II was consecutive to all of the other sentences, we examine this claim under the "same evidence" test articulated in State v. Roybal, 82 Wash.2d 577, 512 P.2d 718 (1973), which holds that a defendant's double jeopardy protections are violated if the charged offenses are "identical both in fact and in law." Here, Mr. Sackman turned over his wallet and Mrs. Sackman turned over her rings; each responded to demands of defendant or his accomplice. These facts supported separate and independent charges of robbery. Each offense could stand alone. The offenses were not identical in fact and law. See State v. Bresolin, 13 Wash.App. 386, 534 P.2d 1394 (1975).

Defendant was given consecutive sentences of 25 years each on the robbery convictions and contends that these are so disproportionate to the nature of the offense he committed they constitute cruel and unusual punishment. See State v. Fain, 94 Wash.2d 387, 617 P.2d 720 (1980). ¹ We reject this contention.

The crime of robbery is serious and this event was particularly so because the victims who were enjoying a quiet evening in their home, were selected at random and were...