Stubbs v. Hammond

• Decision Date: 08 June 1965
• Docket Number: No. 51576,51576
• Citation: 257 Iowa 1071,135 N.W.2d 540
• Parties: Marilyn STUBBS, Petitioner, v. Larry HAMMOND, Defendant, Gerald Lavern Hammond, Applicant-Appellant. Gerald Lavern HAMMOND, Plaintiff, v. Hon. Clair E. HAMILTON, Judge of the 8th Judicial District, Juvenile Division, Defendant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 540

135 N.W.2d 540

257 Iowa 1071

Marilyn STUBBS, Petitioner, v. Larry HAMMOND, Defendant, Gerald Lavern Hammond, Applicant-Appellant.

Gerald Lavern HAMMOND, Plaintiff, v. Hon. Clair E. HAMILTON, Judge of the 8th Judicial District, Juvenile Division, Defendant.

No. 51576.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

June 8, 1965.

John T. Nolan, Iowa City, for appellant-plaintiff.

Daniel Boyle, Johnson County Atty., for appellee-defendant.

THORNTON, Justice.

This is an original proceeding in certiorari consolidated with an appeal by our order.

Because of the disposition of the case in certiorari it is unnecessary to consider the appeal.

Plaintiff, Gerald Lavern Hammond, is the father of Larry Hammond, now four years old. Plaintiff's former wife, Larry's mother, left plaintiff, obtained a divorce, is now remarried and lives in Georgia. Plaintiff in February, 1963, shortly after his wife left him, left the child, Larry, in the care of a lady in Waterloo and went to California. In March of 1963 the child's paternal grandmother took the child from the baby sitter in Waterloo and brought him to her home in rural Iowa City. Mary 18, 1964, an Aid to Dependent Children social worker filed a petition to have Larry declared a dependent and neglected child. Pursuant to this petition and section 232.14, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A., the trial court found an emergency existed and entered an order for the temporary custody of Larry pending hearing.

On May 25, 1964, a hearing was held and in a decree entered June 22, 1964, the trial court found Larry to be a dependent and neglected child, his mother deserted him, that his paternal grandmother was not a fit or proper person to have custody of him, and ordered him taken from the custody of the grandmother and committed him to the American Home Finding Association, a private non-sectarian child-placing agency, at Ottumwa with full right and power under the law to investigate and place said child for adoption.

The effect of the trial court's order is to constitute the child-placing agency the guardian of the person of Larry, section 232.22, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A., and allow such agency to consent to his adoption, section 600.3, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A., without notice to his parents or either of them, section 600.4, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A.

The only notice of the hearing served was that on the paternal grandmother. Such notice was directed by the court pursuant to the following sections, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A.:

'232.7 Time and place of hearing--notice. Upon the filing of the petition, the court or judge shall fix a time for the hearing and a place within the district convenient to the parties, and cause notice to issue as hereinafter provided.'

'232.8 Notice. Said notice shall apprise all parties entitled to notice of the filing of said petition, and of the time and place of hearing thereon, and shall require the custodian of said child to appear with said child at said time and place. A copy of the petition shall be attached to said notice.'

'232.9 Manner of service. The court or judge may, in all cases, specify the particular manner in which said notice shall be served.'

'232.10 Service of notice. Said notice shall be served on the custodian of said child or on the person with whom such child is living, and on all other persons entitled to notice, at least five days before the day of hearing. No further service shall be required than on the parent when the parent is the custodian or guardian of said child or children. If the said custodian is not the parent or guardian, then additional service shall be made in the following order:

'1. On the parents if their residence in this state is known.

'2. On the guardian if his residence in this state is known.

'3. On some relative if his residence in this state is known.'

In the above as originally enacted, service on parents was not limited to those whose residence was known in the state. Chapter 11, Section 4, Laws of the 30th General Assembly; section 251-a16, Supplemental Supplement, 1915. Such change was made by House File 86, section 356, Laws of the 40th General Assembly, Extra Session, and appeared in its present from in the Code of Iowa, 1924.

The return to the writ states that additional service was not made on the parents for the reason the father was living in California, the mother in Georgia, neither had seen the child since April of 1963, and that neither of them had a residence in the state within the meaning and contemplation of section 232.10 Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A.

The testimony of the social worker shows the social worker knew plaintiff was in California and knew his address, and that the child's mother was in Georgia and knew her address.

Plaintiff learned of the decree of June 22nd and on August 20, 1964, filed an application wherein he prayed the decree be stayed, the court reconsider the decree and award custody of Larry to him. He therein urged the decree was void as to him because of failure to serve him with notice. The trial court refused to hear the application on the theory the court had lost jurisdiction.

On September 16, 1964, we granted certiorari to test the validity of the June 22, 1964, decree.

Plaintiff contends failure to serve him with notice denied him due process of law contrary to the 14th Amendment, United States Constitution, and Section 9, Article I of the Iowa Constitution, I.C.A. defendant's position is, because of the nature of the proceedings below, and the showing made at the hearing bearing on abandonment by plaintiff, the notice served fulfilled due process requirements.

The right of a child to the care, support and affection of his parents, and the right of parents to have custody of their child and furnish him care, support and affection are inherent constitutionally protected liberties. Pierce v. Society of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, 268 U.S. 510, 45 S.Ct. 571, 573, 69 L.Ed. 1070, 39 A.L.R. 468. However, the state as parens patriae has the duty to see that every child within its borders receives proper care. The purpose of chapter 232, Code of Iowa 1962, I.C.A., is to carry out such duty--'to insure a child the care, custody and discipline that should be given by its parents.' State ex rel. Wiley v. Richards, 253 Iowa 679, 680, 113 N.W.2d 285, 286. In considering this type of case the primary concern is the welfare of the child, with due regard for the right of parent and child to live together. State ex rel....