VanVoorhees v. Dodge

• Decision Date: 11 July 1996
• Docket Number: Docket No. W,No. 7733,7733
• Citation: 679 A.2d 1077
• Parties: Wayne VanVOORHEES et al. v. Peter DODGE. DecisionLawas 95 460.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

Page 1077

679 A.2d 1077

Wayne VanVOORHEES et al. v. Peter DODGE.

Decision No. 7733.

Law Docket No. Was 95 460.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

Submitted on Briefs June 20, 1996.

Decided July 11, 1996.

Sandra Hylander Collier, Ferm, Collier & Larson, Ellsworth, for Plaintiffs.

Frank B. Walker, Ellsworth, for Defendant.

Before WATHEN, C.J., and ROBERTS, GLASSMAN and RUDMAN, JJ.

RUDMAN, Justice.

Peter Dodge appeals from a judgment entered after a jury-waived trial in the Superior Court (Washington County, Marsano, J.) awarding compensatory damages and attorney fees to Wayne and Barbara VanVoorhees. On appeal Dodge challenges, inter alia, the court's factual findings with respect to his breach of a contract and the court's award of attorney fees to the VanVoorhees pursuant to the Home Construction Contracts Act, 10 M.R.S.A. §§ 1486-90 (Supp.1995), and the Maine Unfair Trade Practices Act, 5 M.R.S.A. § 213 (1989 & Supp.1995) (UTPA). We affirm the judgment.

In May 1991 the VanVoorhees poured a foundation on their shorefront lot in Machiasport. Soon thereafter, Wayne VanVoorhees was contacted by Peter Dodge, who described himself as a construction consultant and designer whose job was to "oversee the building of a house." The VanVoorhees ultimately met with Dodge and hired him to design their home and to provide consulting services. Dodge agreed that once construction began he would provide the VanVoorhees with materials "at cost." Over the next year, between June 1991 and July 1992, Dodge developed plans for a 2300-square-foot home.

As plans for the home began to crystallize, Dodge sent a letter to the VanVoorhees estimating that the cost of constructing the home would be between $65 and $85 per square foot, which amounted to an estimated cost of construction of between $150,000 and $200,000. The VanVoorhees told Dodge they did not want the cost of the home to exceed $150,000 and Dodge assured them, both verbally and in writing, that he could construct the home at that cost.

Construction on the home began in earnest in August of 1992 with Dodge promising a completion date (for at least the home's carriage house apartment) of late October or early November of the same year. Dodge was the party responsible for the day-to-day management of the construction site including the selection and supervision of the subcontractors and the ordering of materials. Although Dodge testified to the contrary, four experienced subcontractors each testified that work on the VanVoorhees' home suffered because of Dodge's incompetence both as a designer and a manager. Subcontractors were repeatedly called to the site when the home was not ready for them to begin their portion of the project, windows were mismeasured, rooms were poorly designed requiring redesigning during the construction process, and certain portions of the construction occurred out of sequence, resulting in damage to the home and additional cost.

As summer quickly turned to autumn and with winter fast approaching, several factors led the VanVoorhees to dismiss Dodge. First, the VanVoorhees came to the realization that no part of their new home would be completed by late October or early November as promised by Dodge. Second, the VanVoorhees learned that Dodge had broken his "at cost" promise to them by charging them more than $37,000 for windows that cost approximately $30,000 and that never were delivered. Third, Dodge informed the VanVoorhees that the final cost of construction for the home would exceed his $150,000 estimate by between $80,000 and $90,000.

After discharging Dodge, the VanVoorhees continued the construction of their home as the weather and their finances permitted. As a result of Dodge's failure to complete the home by November 1992, the VanVoorhees incurred additional rental and living expenses from November 1992 until September 1993 while they awaited completion of the carriage house apartment. Additionally, by the time of the trial the amounts expended to build the home had burgeoned to almost $300,000.

The VanVoorhees filed a seven-count complaint against Dodge alleging, inter alia, breach of contract and violation of the UTPA. Dodge responded to VanVoorhees' complaint and brought a counterclaim alleging monies to be due to him. Following a jury-waived trial, the court found that there was an oral contract between Dodge and the VanVoorhees for the construction of the house and that Dodge had breached the contract. Based on the breach of contract the court awarded the VanVoorhees $34,000 in restitution for the undelivered windows, $35,000 in compensatory damages, and $4,000 in consequential damages. Additionally, the court found that Dodge had violated the Home Construction Contract Act and, thereby, the UTPA, by failing to provide the VanVoorhees with a written contract. The court awarded the VanVoorhees $3,500 in attorney fees pursuant to the UTPA. The court further awarded the VanVoorhees judgment on Dodge's counterclaim.

I Breach of Contract

Dodge first contends that the court erred in finding that he had breached his contract with the VanVoorhees. We disagree.

"It is the duty of the fact-finder to determine the existence of the parol contract, its extent and limitations, in other words, to find not only what language was used, but its purport and meaning." Dehahn v. Innes, 356 A.2d 711, 716 (Me.1976). Similarly, the question of whether there has been a breach of contract is a question of fact. See Marcus v. Lee S. Wilbur & Co., 588 A.2d 757, 759 (Me.1991). We will not set aside the factual findings of the trial court unless they are clearly erroneous. Barker v. St. Mary's Regional Medical Ctr., 663 A.2d 44, 46 (Me.1995). A trial court's factual finding is "clearly erroneous" if there is no competent evidence in the record to support it. FDIC v. Proia, 663 A.2d 1252, 1254 (Me.1995).

The court's finding that Dodge and the VanVoorhees had entered into a contract and that Dodge had breached the contract is not clearly erroneous.

To establish a legally binding agreement the parties must have mutually assented to be bound by all its material terms; the assent must be manifested in the contract, either expressly or impliedly; and the contract must be sufficiently definite to enable the court to determine its exact meaning and fix exactly the legal liabilities of the parties.

Roy v. Danis, 553 A.2d 663, 664 (Me.1989) (citations omitted). The determination of the credibility of the witnesses is a matter solely within the province of a presiding judge acting as the finder of fact, and the court here was free to discount or entirely ignore testimony the presiding judge found to be incredible. See Gray v. Gray, 609 A.2d 694, 697 (Me.1992). Competent evidence on the record supports both the court's finding that Dodge had agreed to design and build the VanVoorhees' home in return for the VanVoorhees' promise to pay him at an hourly rate for his services and that Dodge had breached this agreement by failing to provide materials "at cost" and by failing to complete construction of portions of the home on time.

II Contract Damages

Dodge next challenges the court's award of damages based on the breach of his contract with the VanVoorhees. The measure of recovery for defective or incomplete performance of a construction contract is the difference in value between the value of the performance contracted for and the value of the performance actually rendered. Paine v. Spottiswoode, 612 A.2d 235, 240 (Me.1992). This difference may be proved either by the diminution in market value or by the amount reasonably required to remedy the defect. Id. See also, Kleinschmidt v. Morrow, 642 A.2d 161, 165 (Me.1994) (approving calculation of compensatory damages as the difference between the contract price and the actual total cost to the homeowner of completing the home). The assessment of damages is the sole province of the fact-finder, Banville v. Huckins, 407 A.2d 294, 296 (Me.1979), and we will not disturb an award of damages unless there is no basis in the evidence for the award. McGrath v. Hills, 662 A.2d 215, 219 (Me.1995). "Although damages need not be proved to a mathematical certainty, an award must be supported by some evidence of the value of the property damaged or expenses incurred." Currier v. Cyr, 570 A.2d 1205, 1210 (Me.1990).

In this case, the evidence presented at trial clearly supports the trial court's award of damages. The VanVoorhees presented testimony and documentary evidence that corroborated their claim that at the time of trial the cost of constructing their home was rapidly approaching the $300,000 mark. Exhibits and testimony revealed that prior to Dodge's dismissal the cost of construction was approaching $150,000, that after his termination the VanVoorhees incurred approximately another $144,000 in construction costs, and that they anticipated spending another $10,000 to complete the project. The evidence also supported the court's related conclusion that not all of the additional construction costs could be attributed to Dodge's breach because some of these costs resulted from the VanVoorhees alteration of the construction plans. Thus, the court's damage award of $73,000 is consistent with the evidence.

III Attorney Fees

Dodge finally contends that the trial court erred or abused its discretion in granting attorney fees to the VanVoorhees pursuant to the Home...