Wallace v. Wellborn Day

• Decision Date: 16 June 2010
• Docket Number: No. 4700.,4700.
• Parties: Timothy R. WALLACE, Donna P. Wallace, William Andrew Wallace, Kimberly A. Wallace, David Jonathan Wallace and Christine Ponder Wallace, Respondents, v. Lynn Wellborn DAY, Appellant.
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals

390 S.C. 69

700 S.E.2d 446

Timothy R. WALLACE, Donna P. Wallace, William Andrew Wallace, Kimberly A. Wallace, David Jonathan Wallace and Christine Ponder Wallace, Respondents,

v.Lynn Wellborn DAY, Appellant.

No. 4700.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Heard March 2, 2010.

Decided June 16, 2010.

Withdrawn, Substituted, and Refiled Sept. 29, 2010.

Amanda A. Bailey and Henrietta U. Golding, of Myrtle Beach, for Appellant.

George Hunter McMaster, of Columbia, and Brooks R. Fudenberg, of Mount Pleasant, for Respondents.

PER CURIAM.

Respondents, Timothy Wallace and several members of his family (the Wallaces), filed this action against Appellant Lynn Day (Day), seeking damages for breach of a contract to purchase a condominium in the Camelot by the Sea Resort in Myrtle Beach. Day filed counterclaims for breach of contract, intentional interference with contractual relations, and civil conspiracy. The master-in-equity granted the Wallaces' summary judgment motion, and Day appeals the master's order. We reverse in part and vacate in part the master's order and remand for a full trial on the merits.

FACTS/PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On February 19, 2005, the Wallaces entered into a contract to purchase Day's condominium in the Camelot by the Sea Resort in Myrtle Beach. ¹ The contract required a closing date of March 18, 2005; however, the parties executed an addendum to the contract to extend the closing date to April 6, 2005. The parties also executed a separate addendum stating that the Wallaces were “exercising a 1031 tax free purchase.” ²

When the April 6th closing date arrived, the Wallaces were unable to close the transaction due to problems with the loan package. On April 7, Day presented an earnest money release to the Wallaces' agent, proposing to return the Wallaces' earnest money. On April 8, the Wallaces were ready to close, but Day signed a contract to sell the condominium to Steve and Sandra Purwell (the Purwells). On April 18, Day sent a letter to her agent authorizing the return of the Wallaces' earnest money and also sent a copy of the letter to the Wallaces' agent. On April 21, the Wallaces filed a Notice of Lis Pendens as to the condominium. On May 12, Day sent a letter to her agent withdrawing the offer to refund the Wallaces' earnest money and also sent a copy of the letter to the Wallaces' agent. On that same day, the Wallaces filed an Amended Notice of Lis Pendens. Subsequently, the Wallaces filed a Second Amended Notice of Lis Pendens on June 2, a Third Amended Notice of Lis Pendens on June 22, and a complaint for breach of contract against Day on June 24. The Wallaces' complaint sought damages, or, in the alternative, specific performance.

Day filed a counterclaim for breach of contract, intentional interference with contractual relations, and civil conspiracy. Day sought summary judgment on her breach of contract claim; however, the circuit court denied the motion. While Day's motion for reconsideration was still pending, the parties agreed to a referral of the case to the master-in-equity, and the Wallaces filed a summary judgment motion. Subsequently, the parties entered into a stipulation of facts. After the circuit court denied Day's motion for reconsideration, the master granted the Wallaces' summary judgment motion and dismissed Day's breach of contract counterclaim. Although the Wallaces' summary judgment motion was originally limited to their cause of action for specific performance, they later elected to proceed on their cause of action for breach of contract. In his final order, the master awarded the Wallaces $65,000 for the difference between the condominium's market price and contract price at the time of Day's alleged breach and $15,500 for lost profits, for a total damages award of $80,500. The master also awarded the Wallaces $33,749.10 for attorney's fees and costs. This appeal followed.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

On appeal from the grant of a summary judgment motion, this Court applies the same standard as that required for the circuit court under Rule 56(c), SCRCP. Brockbank v. Best Capital Corp., 341 S.C. 372, 379, 534 S.E.2d 688, 692 (2000). “ ‘Summary judgment is proper where there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’ ” Adamson v. Richland County Sch. Dist. One, 332 S.C. 121, 124, 503 S.E.2d 752, 753 (Ct.App.1998) (quoting Tupper v. Dorchester County, 326 S.C. 318, 325, 487 S.E.2d 187, 191 (1997)).

“Summary judgment should be granted when plain, palpable, and indisputable facts exist on which reasonable minds cannot differ.” Pee Dee Stores, Inc. v. Doyle, 381 S.C. 234, 240, 672 S.E.2d 799, 802 (Ct.App.2009). “However, summary judgment is not appropriate when further inquiry into the facts of the case is desirable to clarify the application of law.” Id. “Summary judgment is a drastic remedy, which should be cautiously invoked so that no person will be improperly deprived of a trial of the disputed factual issues.” Doe ex rel. Doe v. Batson, 345 S.C. 316, 321-22, 548 S.E.2d 854, 857 (2001) (citing Baughman v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 306 S.C. 101, 112, 410 S.E.2d 537, 543 (1991)).

“In determining whether any triable issues of fact exist, the evidence and all inferences must be viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Pee Dee, 381 S.C. at 240, 672 S.E.2d at 802. “Thus, the appellate court reviews all ambiguities, conclusions, and inferences arising in and from the evidence in a light most favorable to the non-moving party.” Id. Further, “ ‘[s]ummary judgment should not be granted even when there is no dispute as to evidentiary facts if there is dispute as to the conclusion to be drawn from those facts.’ ” Gignilliat v. Gignilliat, Savitz & Bettis, L.L.P., 385 S.C. 452, 456, 684 S.E.2d 756, 758 (2009) (quoting Brockbank v. Best Capital Corp., 341 S.C. at 378, 534 S.E.2d at 692 (2000)).

“Summary judgment is improper when there is an issue as to the construction of a written contract and the contract is ambiguous because the intent of the parties cannot be gathered from the four corners of the instrument.” Pee Dee, 381 S.C. at 241, 672 S.E.2d at 802. “The court is without authority to consider parties' secret intentions, and therefore words cannot be read into a contract to impart an intent unexpressed when the contract was executed.” Id. “Construction of an ambiguous contract is a question of fact to be decided by the trier of fact.” Id. (citing Soil Remediation Co. v. Nu-Way Envtl., Inc., 325 S.C. 231, 234, 482 S.E.2d 554, 555 (1997)).

LAW/ANALYSIS

I. The Wallaces' Breach of Contract Claim

Day asserts that the master erred in granting summary judgment to the Wallaces on their breach of contract claim because he relied on an erroneous interpretation of the parties' contract. We conclude that the master erred in granting summary judgment because an ambiguity exists in the contract's default provision.

When interpreting a contract, a court must ascertain and give effect to the intention of the parties. Chan v. Thompson, 302 S.C. 285, 289, 395 S.E.2d 731, 734 (Ct.App.1990). To determine the intention of the parties, the court “must first look at the language of the contract....” C.A.N. Enters., Inc. v. S.C. Health & Human Servs. Fin. Comm'n, 296 S.C. 373, 377, 373 S.E.2d 584, 586 (1988). When the language of a contract is clear and unambiguous, the determination of the parties' intent is a question of law for the court. Hawkins v. Greenwood Dev. Corp., 328 S.C. 585, 592, 493 S.E.2d 875, 878 (Ct.App.1997). Whether an ambiguity exists in the language of a contract is also a question of law. S.C. Dep't of Natural Res. v. Town of McClellanville, 345 S.C. 617, 623, 550 S.E.2d 299, 302-03 (2001).

“A contract is ambiguous when the terms of the contract are reasonably susceptible of more than one interpretation.” McClellanville, 345 S.C. at 623, 550 S.E.2d at 302. “The uncertainty in interpretation can arise from the words of the instrument, or in the application of the words to the object they describe.” Pee Dee, 381 S.C. at 242, 672 S.E.2d at 803. “Once the court decides the language is ambiguous, evidence may be admitted to show the intent of the parties.” McClellanville, 345 S.C. at 623, 550 S.E.2d at 303. “The determination of the parties' intent is then a question of fact.” Id. (emphasis added).

Counsel stated during oral arguments that the parties were not arguing the contract's provisions were ambiguous. However, the parties presented opposing arguments before the trial court and this Court on the interpretation of the contract. The issue of a contract's interpretation necessarily subsumes the primary question of whether the contract's language is clear or ambiguous, which determines the direction our analysis must take:

It is a question of law for the court whether the language of a contract is ambiguous. Once the court decides the language is ambiguous, evidence may be admitted to show the intent of the parties. The determination of the parties' intent is then a question of fact. On the other hand, the

construction of a clear and unambiguous deed is a question of law for the court.

McClellanville, 345 S.C. at 623, 550 S.E.2d at 302-03 (citations omitted). Therefore, we have not only the authority but also the responsibility to recognize an ambiguity in a contract when determining whether the trial court appropriately relied on the contract's language in granting summary judgment. The Wallaces' argument to the contrary is without merit. ³ Because the Wallaces dispute Day's interpretation of the contract's default provision, this Court is called upon to decide whether the provisions in question are reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation and thus ambiguous. See McClellanville, 345 S.C. at 623, 550 S.E.2d at 302 (“A contract is ambiguous when the terms of the contract are reasonably susceptible of more than one interpretation.”).

Here, paragraph 16 of the contract...