Wright v. Millines

• Decision Date: 22 May 1995
• Docket Number: Nos. A95A0023,A95A0024,s. A95A0023
• Citation: 458 S.E.2d 488,217 Ga.App. 464
• Parties: WRIGHT v. MILLINES. MILLINES v. WRIGHT.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

Page 488

458 S.E.2d 488

217 Ga.App. 464

WRIGHT v. MILLINES.

MILLINES v. WRIGHT.

Nos. A95A0023, A95A0024.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

May 22, 1995.

Brent, Woodland, Redic & Sweetnam, Dennis J. Redic, Atlanta, for appellant.

Greer, Klosik & Daugherty, Richard E. Greer, Robert J. McCune, Atlanta, for appellee.

BEASLEY, Chief Judge.

Wright sued Millines, a resident of Fulton County, and McMichael, a resident of Douglas County, to recover for personal injuries sustained in a vehicular collision.

Wright was a passenger in a car driven by Millines. When Millines proceeded into an intersection regulated by a traffic-control signal, her car was struck by a truck driven by McMichael. Wright charged both Millines and McMichael with "acts of negligence, including, but not limited to, failure to stop at a traffic control device, failure to yield the right of way, failure to operate (their vehicles) in a safe manner, failure to maintain a proper lookout, and such other and further acts of negligence as may be shown at trial." Wright testified the traffic signal was green in Millines' direction but that he saw McMichael's truck was not stopping and yelled to Millines that the truck was going to hit them. Both defendants testified the light was green in their respective directions and offered witnesses to support their testimony. Both filed cross-claims, alleging that the negligence of the other was the sole proximate cause of any damage suffered by Wright.

At trial, Millines moved for a directed verdict at the close of Wright's evidence, which the court took under advisement. The motion was renewed, and denied, at the close of the case. The jury returned a $250,000 verdict in Wright's favor against both defendants jointly and severally.

Without entering judgment on the verdict, the court sua sponte granted the directed verdict sought by Millines, notwithstanding the jury's verdict. Wright appealed, and Millines cross-appealed. We held that the trial court should not have entered a j.n.o.v. prior to the entry of judgment on the verdict; we reversed the judgment with the direction that judgment be entered on the jury verdict, with Wright then being entitled to pursue his post-judgment remedies; and we dismissed the cross-appeal. Wright v. Millines, 204 Ga.App. 111, 418 S.E.2d 453 (1992), overruled Continental Ins. Co. v. State Farm etc., Co., 212 Ga.App. 839, 840(1), 443 S.E.2d 509 (1994).

On remand, the court entered judgment on the verdict and later granted Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. based upon its error in denying her motion for directed verdict at the close of Wright's evidence. Because of the latter ruling, the court did not consider Millines' motion for new trial, but it denied McMichael's similar motion. McMichael then moved for the transfer of the action to Douglas County on the ground that venue was no longer proper in Fulton County, and the court set aside the verdict against McMichael and transferred the case as requested.

Wright filed direct appeals from the order granting Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. and from the transfer order. We dismissed those appeals on the grounds that there was no final judgment because the case remained pending in the Douglas Superior Court, and Wright had not complied with the interlocutory appeal procedure of OCGA § 5-6-34(b). Wright v. Millines, 212 Ga.App. 453, 442 S.E.2d 304 (1994). Wright did not raise any issue as to the trial court's failure to comply with Uniform Superior Court Rule 19.1(C). In accordance with this rule, when the trial court granted McMichael's motion to transfer venue, it should have severed the claim against Millines so that the order granting Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. would be final for purposes of appeal.

On remand, the Douglas Superior Court entered an order certifying the order granting Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. as a final judgment under OCGA § 9-11-54(b).

In Case No. A95A0023, Wright appeals the grant of Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. In Case No. A95A0024, Millines has filed a cross-appeal.

Case No. A95A0023

1. Wright contends the court erred in rejecting his argument that it was required to consider the entire record at the close of the trial in order to determine whether a j.n.o.v. should have been granted. This is correct. DeLoach v. Myers, 215 Ga. 255, 256(1), 109 S.E.2d 777 (1959); Bullard v. Carreras, 183 Ga.App. 539, 541-542(3)(a), 359 S.E.2d 429 (1987); Wooten v. Life Ins. Co. of Ga., 93 Ga.App. 665, 670, 92 S.E.2d 567 (1956). Where the plaintiff's evidence is insufficient as a matter of law and the trial court erroneously denies a motion for directed verdict made at the close of the plaintiff's evidence but the defense later submits evidence remedying the insufficiency in plaintiff's proof, the error by the court in denying the motion is cured.

The trial court took a contrary view because of the holding that "the sole purpose of a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict is to permit the court to review and reconsider [its] ruling on the antecedent motion for a directed verdict." Shetzen v. C.G. Aycock Realty Co., 93 Ga.App. 477, 479(1)(b), 92 S.E.2d 114 (1956). OCGA § 9-11-50(b) states: "Whenever a motion for a directed verdict made at the close of all the evidence is denied or for any reason is not granted, the court is deemed to have submitted the action to the jury subject to a later determination of the legal questions raised by the motion." See Steinberg v. City of Atlanta, 213 Ga.App. 491, 492(1), 444 S.E.2d 873 (1994); Horton v. Ammons, 125 Ga.App. 69(1), 186 S.E.2d 469 (1971). On motion for j.n.o.v. the court is to review its ruling on the motion for directed verdict made at the close of all the evidence rather than the one made at the close of plaintiff's evidence.

McMichael presented evidence from which the jury was authorized to find Millines negligent in failing to yield the right-of-way to him, in that the traffic light was green in his direction. Consequently, even if Wright's testimony was insufficient to authorize an inference that Millines was negligent in some other regard, the court erred in granting Millines' motion for j.n.o.v. Bullard, supra at 542, 359 S.E.2d 429. Where the evidence does not demand a particular finding, a j.n.o.v. may not be granted. Coates v. Mulji Motor Inn, 178 Ga.App. 208, 209(2), 342 S.E.2d 488 (1986).

Case No. A95A0024

2. Millines contends that the court erred in not giving her request to charge the jury, under the authority of Prophecy Corp. v. Charles Rossignol, Inc., 256 Ga. 27, 28, 343 S.E.2d 680 (1986), that the testimony of a party who offers himself as a witness in his own behalf is to be construed most strongly against him when self-contradictory.

Millines did not seek the requested charge because of a contradiction in Wright's testimony, but because of an asserted contradiction between the allegation in his pleadings that she was negligent and his testimony that she had the right-of-way, was in the proper lane of traffic, and was not speeding. Allegations in pleadings are not evidence. Moreover, Wright also testified that he saw that McMichael's truck was coming too fast to stop and alerted Millines to this fact; his theory of recovery is that she was negligent in failing to heed his warning. Since there was no contradiction in his testimony, the court did not err in refusing to give the requested charge.

3. In related enumerations, Millines contends that she is entitled to judgment because no evidence was introduced to prove that orthopedic surgery performed on Wright was related to collision injuries.

These enumerations are premised on the absence of any testimony by...