Barker v. Barrow

• Decision Date: 19 March 2012
• Docket Number: No. S11A1609.,S11A1609.
• Citation: 723 S.E.2d 905,12 FCDR 964,290 Ga. 711
• Parties: BARKER v. BARROW.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

12 FCDR 964

290 Ga. 711

723 S.E.2d 905

BARKER

v.BARROW.

No. S11A1609.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

March 19, 2012.

Kilpatrick, Townsend & Stockton, Matthew Mahoney Lubozynski, J. Henry Walker, IV, John Phillip Jett, for appellant.

Benjamin Henry Pierman, Asst. Atty. Gen., Paula Khristian Smith, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Samuel S. Olens, Atty. Gen., for appellee.

HINES, Justice.

This Court granted criminal defendant Darion C. Barker a certificate of probable cause to appeal an order of the Superior Court of Wilcox County denying his application for a writ of habeas corpus in order to consider whether the habeas court erred in concluding that trial counsel (and thus appellate counsel) was not ineffective for failing to further investigate the actual validity of Barker's prior convictions in the face of the State's notice of intent to rely on those convictions for sentencing enhancement purposes. Finding that it was not error to reject the claims of the ineffectiveness of counsel on the basis urged, we affirm the denial of habeas corpus relief.

Barker was convicted in 1996 of possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, and because of his five prior convictions following guilty pleas, he was sentenced as a recidivist to life in prison without the possibility of parole pursuant to OCGA §§ 16–13–30(d) and 17–10–7(c). The Court of Appeals affirmed the 1996 conviction. See Barker v. State, 226 Ga.App. 747, 487 S.E.2d 494 (1997). In 2008, Barker filed an application for a writ of habeas corpus, alleging the ineffective assistance of both trial and appellate counsel. He claimed that his guilty pleas in the 1989, 1993, and 1994 cases upon which his recidivist sentence was based were constitutionally infirm because he was not properly advised of his Boykin¹ rights and did not waive them, and therefore, that his 1996 sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole was illegal. He urged that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to inquire into and challenge the prior guilty pleas, and that his appellate counsel for the 1996 conviction was ineffective for failing to raise the ineffectiveness of trial counsel as an error on appeal.

Following a hearing, the habeas court granted Barker relief after finding that the State failed to show that Barker was aware of and knowingly and voluntarily waived his Boykin rights with respect to his 1993 conviction for possession of marijuana with intent to distribute and his 1994 convictions for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute and possession of marijuana. Consequently, the habeas court concluded that Barker's 1996 sentence was illegal because he could not have been sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole absent the three constitutionally-invalid prior convictions. The habeas court declined to address the validity of Barker's remaining two prior convictions or his ineffectiveness claims. The warden appealed the judgment of the habeas court, and this Court vacated the judgment and remanded the case to the habeas court after finding that any direct challenges to the prior convictions were waived for failure to raise them during the 1996 plea; however, inasmuch as Barker raised the issue in the context of the ineffectiveness of both trial and appellate counsel but the habeas court did not address such claims or consider whether the procedural default could be excused, the habeas court was directed to determine if Barker overcame the procedural default by satisfying either the “cause and prejudice” test or the “miscarriage of justice” test. Barrow v. Barker, 287 Ga. 145, 695 S.E.2d 24 (2010). See Chatman v. Mancill, 278 Ga. 488, 604 S.E.2d 154 (2004).

Following remand, the habeas court denied relief, concluding that Barker failed to prove cause and prejudice or that there was a miscarriage of justice in that neither trial counsel nor appellate counsel was ineffective.

The standard for establishing the ineffective assistance of either trial counsel or appellate counsel is set forth by The United States Supreme Court in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); the standard consists of a two-prong analysis in which it must first be shown that counsel's performance was deficient, and second that the deficiency prejudiced the defense. Battles v. Chapman, 269 Ga. 702(1), 506 S.E.2d 838 (1998). In order to satisfy the first prong of the test, Barker has to overcome the strong presumption that his attorneys' performances fell within a wide range of reasonable professional conduct, and that the attorneys' decisions were made in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment; the reasonableness of the conduct is assessed from the perspective of counsel at the time of trial or appeal and under the specific circumstances of the case. Hendricks v. State, 290 Ga. 238, 719 S.E.2d 466 (2011). As to the second prong of the test, it must be shown that there is a reasonable probability that, absent the cited professional deficiencies by counsel, the result would have been different. Id. The failure to satisfy either prong of the Strickland test will defeat an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Simpson v. State, 289 Ga. 685, 688(5), 715 S.E.2d 142 (2011). Furthermore, this Court is to affirm a habeas court's determination of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel unless it is concluded that the habeas court's factual findings are clearly erroneous or legally insufficient to support such determination. Walker v. Hagins, 290 Ga. 512, 722 S.E.2d 725 (2012).

1. Barker maintains that his trial counsel's performance was deficient because counsel failed to adequately investigate the validity of his prior guilty pleas in that counsel did not review transcripts of the plea colloquies, which he claims would have revealed the pleas' constitutional defects. Relying principally upon Rompilla v. Beard, 545 U.S. 374, 377, 125 S.Ct. 2456, 162 L.Ed.2d 360 (2005), Barker urges that, given the State's notification that it would seek to enhance his sentence by his prior pleas, his trial counsel had a basic legal duty to retrieve and read the plea transcripts.

Certainly, as Barker maintains, trial counsel has the obligation to make reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes a particular investigation unnecessary. Terry v. Jenkins, 280 Ga. 341, 346(2)(c), 627 S.E.2d 7 (2006). But, in any case in which the ineffectiveness of counsel for inadequate investigation is claimed, the reasonableness of a particular decision not to investigate in the manner urged must be assessed in light of all the circumstances at that time, and such assessment must include a heavy measure of deference to counsel's judgments. Id. at 347(2)(c), 627 S.E.2d 7.

The decision in Rompilla v. Beard does not alter this. The Supreme Court expressly held that “when a capital defendant's family members and the defendant himself have suggested that no mitigating evidence is available, his lawyer is bound to make reasonable efforts to obtain and review material that counsel knows the prosecution will probably rely on as evidence of aggravation at the sentencing phase of trial.” 545 U.S. at 377, 125 S.Ct. 2456. The Court explained that its analysis did not create a “ ‘rigid, per se’ rule that requires defense counsel to do a complete review of the file on any prior conviction introduced.” Id. at 389, 125 S.Ct. 2456. Instead, it found counsel in that case lacking for failing to make...