Daniel v. State

• Decision Date: 13 February 1990
• Docket Number: No. A89A1868,A89A1868
• Citation: 194 Ga.App. 495,391 S.E.2d 128
• Parties: DANIEL v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

Page 128

391 S.E.2d 128

194 Ga.App. 495

DANIEL v. The STATE.

No. A89A1868.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

Feb. 13, 1990.

Michael M. White, for appellant.

Thomas C. Lawler, III, Dist. Atty., Debra K. Turner, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellee.

BIRDSONG, Judge.

Appellant, Melvin Russell Daniel, appeals his judgment of conviction for aggravated sodomy, his sentence, and the denial of his motion for new trial.

Appellant was convicted of the aggravated anal sodomy of his niece who, on the date of the incident, was either eleven or twelve years of age. The trial court allowed, over objection, the introduction of evidence of similar transactions between appellant and the victim and between appellant and his daughter. Appellant has asserted three enumerations of error. Held:

1. Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in allowing evidence of similar transactions to be introduced in evidence. We disagree. The evidence introduced meets the two-prong test of Anderson v. State, 184 Ga.App. 293, 294, 361 S.E.2d 270; accord Gladson v. State, 253 Ga. 489(2), 322 S.E.2d 45. Moreover, balancing the probative value of the evidence against any potentially prejudicial impact it might possess, we find that the potential for prejudice did not outweigh its probative value. Oller v. State, 187 Ga.App. 818, 820(2), 371 S.E.2d 455. "The sexual abuse of young children, regardless of the sex of the victims or the nomenclature or type of acts perpetrated upon them, is of sufficient similarity to make the evidence admissible." Oller, supra at 820(2), 371 S.E.2d 455. Moreover, "the requisite similarity between the two incidents depends on the purpose for which the evidence is being presented." Maggard v. State, 259 Ga. 291, 293(2), 380 S.E.2d 259. Generally, when similar transactions are being introduced to prove such issues as bent of mind, motive, intent or lack of mistake, less similarity need be shown than when identity is sought to be proved thereby. See Maggard, supra. Moreover, this evidence was introduced for a limited purpose; and, the trial court gave appropriate limiting instructions both before the evidence was introduced and in its closing charge. Accordingly, no error appears. Terry v. State, 259 Ga. 165, 169(1), 377 S.E.2d 837.

2. Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in denying appellant's motion for directed verdict.

"[A] motion for directed verdict in a criminal trial should only be granted where there is no conflict in the evidence and the evidence demands a verdict of acquittal as a matter of law." Taylor v. State, 252 Ga. 125, 127(1), 312 S.E.2d 311.

Appellant asserts that in prosecuting the aggravated sodomy offense the State utterly failed to prove that actual force was used against the victim. We disagree. Force may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence. The record shows that appellant had engaged in repetitive acts of sexual misconduct against the victim, that previously he had uttered a veiled threat to the victim that "your dad would kill us if he knew," or words to that effect, and that the victim was afraid of him and scared. (Emphasis supplied.) The victim testified that as she was growing up the one person she trusted and "thought he really cared" was the appellant, but when she learned that what he was doing was "wrong" she became scared. The record also affirmatively reflects that concurrently with the commission of the criminal act, appellant "kept trying to turn [her] over." In addition the record affirmatively reflects that although the victim could not observe whether actual penetration of her rectum occurred, "the next day [she] was real sore." (Emphasis supplied.) We are satisfied that from this circumstantial evidence the court clearly could infer that appellant had applied actual force, both by physical means and by mental coercion and intimidation, to the victim during the commission of the criminal act. Richardson v. State, 256 Ga. 746(2), 353 S.E.2d 342. Compare Drake v. State, 239 Ga. 232, 235(2), 236 S.E.2d 748; Curtis v. State, 236 Ga. 362(1), 223 S.E.2d 721, and Houston v. State, 189 Ga.App. 61, 375 S.E.2d 239.

Reviewing the transcript in a light most favorable to the jury's verdict, we find ample evidence from which any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of the offense charged. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 3. Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in its charge to the jury concerning the issue of force. The court charged the jury of the effect of committing an act of sodomy with a person not capable of expressing an intelligent consent or dissent, and further instructed inter alia that it is necessary for the State to prove the defendant used force to commit the act of sodomy; that in cases of incapacity to consent, the element of force is automatically supplied by law; a child under the age of fourteen cannot consent to any sexual act; sexual acts directed to a child are in law forcible and against the will; and, "[t]he question of the mentality of the alleged victim is one for you, the jury to determine with all the facts and circumstances of this case." (Emphasis supplied.)

Examining the charges in their entirety, Hambrick v. State, 256 Ga. 688(3), 353 S.E.2d 177, we find that although they might have been more carefully crafted the jury was neither misled nor confused, and that the charges in their entirety were not erroneous. Compare Richardson, supra 256 Ga. at 747(2), 353 S.E.2d 342; Cooper v. State, 256 Ga. 631(2), 352 S.E.2d 382; McFall v. State, 235 Ga. 105, 106, 218 S.E.2d 839 (cited as authority in Cooper ); and Carter v. State, 122 Ga.App. 21(1), 176 S.E.2d 238 (cited as authority in Cooper ); see also OCGA §§ 16-6-3(a); 16-6-4(a); 16-6-5(a); cf. Houston v. State, supra 189 Ga.App. at 62(1), 375 S.E.2d 239 (court would not be placed in "trepidation" by extending the Cooper holding...