Lovelace v. State
Decision Date | 27 October 1983 |
Docket Number | No. 05-81-00804-CR,05-81-00804-CR |
Citation | 662 S.W.2d 390 |
Parties | William Frank LOVELACE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee. |
Court | Texas Court of Appeals |
Kerry P. Fitzgerald, Dallas, for appellant.
Henry Wade, Dist. Atty., Karen Beverly Chilton, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellee.
Before STEPHENS, SPARLING and VANCE, JJ.
William Frank Lovelace appeals from a conviction for driving while intoxicated. Punishment was assessed at one hundred and eighty days in the county jail and a fifty dollar fine. Appellant, in thirteen grounds of error, claims inflammatory and prejudicial jury argument by the State; error in admitting appellant's oral statement allegedly the result of custodial interrogation; error in a witness's comment on appellant's right to testify; error in admitting inflammatory and prejudicial photographs of one of the victims of the car crash and insufficiency of the evidence. For the reasons stated below we reverse and remand.
On October 5, 1977, appellant's car struck the rear of a Ford Mustang occupied by two teenage boys, Chris Stilley and Paul Ingram. The Mustang caught on fire 1 and as a result of this fire both young men sustained second and third degree burns on their hands, legs and faces. Appellant was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated.
James Lewis, the first accident investigator on the scene, testified that when he got there the fire was already extinguished and he observed Stilley and Ingram in the back of an ambulance "burnt real bad." Stilley and Ingram testified to the extent of their injuries and the State, over objection from appellant's counsel, introduced seven pictures of Chris Stilley depicting his injuries. Neither Stilley nor Ingram could offer any testimony as to whether the appellant was intoxicated at the time of the accident.
During jury argument in the guilt and innocence phase of the trial, the prosecutor made numerous references to the extensive burns suffered by the two young men. The complained of portion of the State's argument reads:
In appellant's first ground of error he claims that the prosecutor's argument was reversible error in that it injected matters into the case which were not in evidence and were highly inflammatory and prejudicial to appellant. We agree.
To stay within proper parameters, a jury argument must be: 1) a summation of the evidence; 2) in response to opposing counsel's statements; 3) a reasonable deduction from the evidence; or 4) a plea for law enforcement. Alejandro v. State, 493 S.W.2d 230, 231 (Tex.Cr.App.1973).
The State contends that the prosecutor's reference to "flesh hanging off their hands" was a reasonable deduction of the evidence presented by Officer Lewis, Chris Stilley and Paul Ingram. The Courts have consistently held that counsel has wide latitude in drawing "from those facts in evidence all references that are reasonable, fair, and legitimate ... so long as the argument is supported by the evidence and offered in good faith." Vaughn v. State 607 S.W.2d 914, 922-923 (Tex.Cr.App.1980). The State argues that, as the evidence showed that Stilley and Ingram suffered third degree burns to their hands, it could be reasonably deduced that the flesh was hanging off their hands. They further argue that it could be reasonably deduced that this is what Lewis saw when he looked in the back of the ambulance. However, what the State is attempting to do is base a reasonable deduction on a reasonable deduction. This is not the law. To be proper, a reasonable deduction must be based on the evidence. Carter v. State, 614 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex.Cr.App.1981); Vaughn 607 S.W.2d at 922-923; Maloy v. State, 582 S.W.2d 125, 129 (Tex.Cr.App.1979). There is no evidence in this record that Lewis or anyone else observed flesh hanging off either Stilley's or Ingram's hands. The State does not address the prosecutor's initial remark of "flesh hanging off their arms." It is sufficient to say that there is no evidence that either Stilley or Ingram suffered any burns to their arms.
As we have concluded that the State's argument went beyond the parameters of proper jury argument, the next step in our analysis is to determine if this constituted reversible error.
In order for an improper jury argument to constitute reversible error it must be: 1) manifestly improper, harmful and prejudicial; 2) violative of a statute; or 3) inject new and harmful facts into the case. Williams v. State, 607 S.W.2d 577, 581 (Tex.Cr.App.1980); DeBolt v. State, 604 S.W.2d 164, 169 (Tex.Cr.App.1980); Spaulding v. State, 505 S.W.2d 919, 922 (Tex.Cr.App.1974). It is necessary to look to the facts of each case to determine the probable effect of the improper argument on the jury. Thomas v. State, 621 S.W.2d 158, 164 (Tex.Cr.App.1981) (On Rehearing); Williams, 607 S.W.2d at 581. The Courts have often held that the harm resulting from an improper jury argument can usually be cured by the court's action in sustaining the objection and instructing the jury to disregard. Carter v. State, 614 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex.Cr.App.1981); Spaulding, 505 S.W.2d at 923; Aubrey v. State, 624 S.W.2d 291, 293 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1981, no pet.).
In the case before us, the only issue before this jury was whether the appellant was driving while he was intoxicated. The State presented the testimony of three police officers involved in the arrest. They testified that appellant's breath had an alcohol odor, that his eyes were bloodshot, that his speech was slurred, that he seemed disoriented and that his walk was unsteady. Based on all these factors, their opinion was that appellant was intoxicated at the time of the accident. The...
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...App. 1992) ). To be reasonable, "a deduction may only be based upon evidence which was actually introduced." Id. (citing Lovelace v. State , 662 S.W.2d 390, 392 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1983, pet. ref'd untimely filed) ). If a prosecutor's closing argument is found to be improper on review, the ap......
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Vitela v. State
... ... 434 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (citing ... Hughes v. State , 878 S.W.2d 142, 157-58 (Tex. Crim ... App. 1992)). To be reasonable, "a deduction may only be ... based upon evidence which was actually introduced." ... Id ... (citing Lovelace v. State , 662 S.W.2d ... 390, 392 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1983, pet. ref'd untimely ... filed)) ... If a ... prosecutor's closing argument is found to be improper on ... review, the appellate court must determine whether the ... improper argument warrants ... ...
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... ... 434 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (citing ... Hughes v. State, 878 S.W.2d 142, 157-58 (Tex. Crim ... App. 1992)). To be reasonable, "a deduction may only be ... based upon evidence which was actually introduced." ... Id. (citing Lovelace v. State, 662 S.W.2d ... 390, 392 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1983, pet. ref'd untimely ... filed)) ... If a ... prosecutor's closing argument is found to be improper on ... review, the appellate court must determine whether the ... improper argument warrants ... ...
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McBride v. State
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Trial practice
...demonstrate that the jury is serious about “winning the war on crime.” State v. Scott , 333 S.E.2d 296 (N.C. 1985); Lovelace v. State , 662 S.W.2d 390 (Tex. App. Dallas 1983). In Lovelace , the defendant’s car struck the rear of a Ford Mustang occupied by two teenage boys. The Mustang caugh......