Michelsen v. Boeing Co.

• Decision Date: 18 December 1991
• Docket Number: No. 26491-5-I,26491-5-I
• Citation: 63 Wn.App. 917,826 P.2d 214
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals
• Parties: , 3 A.D. Cases 1138 Kevin Robert MICHELSEN and Kathleen Rae Michelson, husband and wife, Appellants, v. The BOEING COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, Respondent.

Page 917

63 Wn.App. 917

826 P.2d 214, 3 A.D. Cases 1138

Kevin Robert MICHELSEN and Kathleen Rae Michelson, husband and wife, Appellants, v. The BOEING COMPANY, a Delaware corporation, Respondent.

No. 26491-5-I.

Court of Appeals of Washington Division 1.

Dec. 18, 1991.

Publication Ordered Feb. 12, 1992.

Steven N. Ross, David S. Marshall, Prince, Kelley, Newsham & Marshall, P.S., Seattle, for appellants.

Russell Perisho and Perkins Coie, Seattle, for respondent.

GROSSE, Chief Judge.

Kevin and Kathleen Michelsen appeal the order on summary judgment partially dismissing their suit against The Boeing Company (Boeing). The Michelsens sued Boeing for wrongful discharge and for Boeing's alleged violations of the medical restriction policy while Mr. Michelsen was employed at Boeing. The discharge was based on his violation of the terms of the policy during his employment.

In August of 1986 Mr. Michelsen was injured while working as a painter at a Boeing plant. He was riding a bicycle from one end of the plant to the other carrying a 5 gallon can of paint thinner. While still on the bicycle he set the can of paint thinner down and twisted his back as he did so. Pain resulted extending from his neck through his right shoulder and down his back. This cervical scapular strain restricted Mr. Michelsen's ability to perform certain functions at work. Over the following year Mr. Michelsen was on medical leave off and on for a period adding up to approximately 9 months. Boeing attempted to accommodate Mr. Michelsen by placing him in different jobs at its plant. Finally, Boeing found a job for him in its decal shop, having him sit and cut out decals. At least two of Mr. Michelsen's attending physicians, as well as the chief physician of the Boeing clinic and an independent professional vocational counselor, approved this position for Michelsen, taking into consideration all of his reports and complaints. He returned to work in July of 1987, worked at the position for 3 weeks, and decided he could no longer perform the job. Mr. Michelsen ceased going to work. His physicians told him there was nothing objectively wrong with him and that he should return to work. He did not return to work. Over the course of the next several weeks he was repeatedly asked to provide medical authorization for being away from work. He was warned that failure to do so would result in termination. Shortly thereafter, when no medical authorizations were received, ¹ Boeing notified Michelsen he was terminated for extended unexcused absences. On that same day another physician told Michelsen there was no reason he should not return to work.

The Michelsens sued Boeing for wrongful discharge and for violation of Mr. Michelsen's medical restrictions during his employment at Boeing. The trial court granted partial summary judgment to Boeing by dismissing the wrongful discharge claim. The parties then stipulated to the dismissal of the claim that Boeing had violated the medical restrictions policy. The result is that the case has been dismissed in its entirety. The Michelsens appeal the court's decision dismissing the wrongful discharge claim.

The Michelsens claim the court erred in determining there was no genuine issue of material fact as to whether Boeing failed to reasonably accommodate Mr. Michelsen's "handicap." Relying on Phillips v. Seattle, 111 Wash.2d 903, 766 P.2d 1099 (1989), and Kimbro v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 889 F.2d 869 (9th Cir.1989), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 53, 112 L.Ed.2d 28 (1990), the Michelsens claim the questions presented here are ones for a jury's determination and cannot be decided as a matter of law by the court.

Indeed, the Phillips case holds that the questions of the existence of a handicap and the reasonable accommodation of that handicap are questions of fact for a jury. Phillips, 111 Wash.2d at 910-11, 766 P.2d 1099. Further, in Kimbro, the Ninth Circuit held that the failure of Kimbro's employer to offer a handicapped employee at least one leave of absence violates RCW 49.60. Kimbro, 889 F.2d at 879, see n. 10.

However, the Michelsens' argument ignores those cases shifting the burden back to the nonmoving party in a summary judgment action. In Ruffer v. St. Frances Cabrini Hosp., 56 Wash.App. 625, 784 P.2d 1288, review denied, 114 Wash.2d 1023, 792 P.2d 535 (1990), the court indicated a trial court may decide a factual issue as a matter of law if there is only one conclusion that reasonable minds could reach. See Ruffer, 56 Wash.App. at 627-28, 784 P.2d 1288. "While generally a question of fact is properly left to the trier of fact, when reasonable minds could reach but one conclusion, questions of fact may be determined as a matter of law." Trane Co. v. Brown-Johnston, Inc., 48 Wash.App. 511, 513, 739 P.2d 737 (1987). Once there has been an initial showing by the party bringing the summary judgment motion that there are no material facts for a jury to decide, see Hash v. Children's Orthopedic Hosp. & Med. Ctr., 110 Wash.2d 912, 916, 757 P.2d 507 (1988), the party opposing such motion must respond with more than conclusory allegations, speculation or argumentative assertions of the existence of unresolved factual issues. Baldwin v. Sisters of Providence in Wash., Inc., 112 Wash.2d 127, 132, 769 P.2d 298 (1989), see also Grimwood v. University of Puget Sound, Inc., 110 Wash.2d 355, 359-60, 753 P.2d 517 (1988).

Thus, to withstand the motion for summary judgment the Michelsens must present evidence that a handicap, as defined by regulation, exists and further that the handicap was the reason for the discharge. Additionally, as the Michelsens were the party opposing the summary judgment, they may not rely on the affidavits at face value but must set forth specific facts to rebut the moving party's contentions. Simmerman v. U-Haul Co. of Inland Northwest, 57 Wash.App. 682, 789 P.2d 763 (1990).

Unfair employment practices are defined in RCW 49.60. The Michelsens rely on RCW 49.60.180(2) which states it is an unfair practice for an employer to "discharge or bar any person from employment because of ... the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical handicap." ²

The burden is on the Michelsens to present a prima facie case of discrimination. Dean v. Metropolitan Seattle, 104 Wash.2d 627, 637, 708 P.2d 393 (1985); Simmerman v. U-Haul Co. of Inland Northwest, 57 Wash.App. at 687, 789 P.2d 763. At a minimum, they are required to present evidence of a handicap and that the handicap was the reason for the discharge. The Michelsens did not present any medical evidence...