People ex rel. Dolan v. Dusher

• Decision Date: 20 March 1952
• Docket Number: No. 32157,32157
• Parties: PEOPLE ex rel. DOLAN et al. v. DUSHER, Judge.
• Court: Illinois Supreme Court

Page 775

104 N.E.2d 775

411 Ill. 535

PEOPLE ex rel. DOLAN et al. v. DUSHER, Judge.

No. 32157.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

March 20, 1952.

Williams, McCarthy & Kinley, of Rockford (John R. Kinley, of Rockford, of counsel), for petitioners.

Thomas & Davis, of Rockford (Charles H. Davis and Henry H. Caldwell, of Rockford, of counsel), for respondent.

BRISTOW, Justice.

This is an original petition for a writ of mandamus from this court directing the Honorable William R. Dusher, circuit judge of Winnebago County, to expunge an order entered April 9, 1951, reversing a decision of the county court of said county on an appeal perfected under sections 8-6 and 8-7 of the School Code. Ill.Rev.Stat. 1951, chap. 122, pars. 8-6 and 8-7.

On August 2, 1950, the petitioners, with other voters, filed petitions with the county judge of Winnebago County, seeking detachment of certain territory from Community Unit School District No. 321 of said county, which petitions were filed under section 8-6 of the School Code as amended. On October 13, 1950, after hearing, the county court granted the petitions and allowed the disconnection and detachment, finding complete compliance with the provisions of section 8-6 of the School Code. On October 20, 1950, certain of the voters who had appeared in county court in opposition to said petitions filed an appeal to the circuit court of Winnebago County under section 8-7 of [411 Ill. 537] the School Code. On April 9, 1951, circuit Judge Dusher reversed the order of the county court after finding that the petitioners had fully complied with section 8-6. The basis of the circuit court order was that section 8-6 of the School Code had been repealed by implication by an amendment to section 8-14 of the School Code, which the court found was approved by the Governor on August 17, 1949, twenty days after the legislative act amending sections 8-6 in 1949 became law without the Governor's approval. The circuit judge concluded that there was no statutory provision for withdrawal from a community unit school district by petition, but only be election under section 8-14 of the School Code.

On August 20, 1951, the petitioners filed in this court their motion for leave to file this petition for mandamus with suggestions in support thereof. By leave of court, on September 11, 1951, their petition for mandamus was filed, in which it is alleged that the circuit judge was in error in reversing the decision of the county court, that the circuit judge erroneously applied the laws of the State of Illinois, that the petitioners have no other remedy than a writ of mandamus, and praying that a writ of mandamus issue from this court directing the circuit judge of Winnebago County to expunge said order of the circuit court reversing the county court's order and to enter an order affirming the order of the county court of Winnebago County.

Thereafter on October 8, 1951, respondent filed his motion to dismiss or in the alternative to strike said petition for mandamus with suggestions in support thereof. In their briefs and argument counsel for respondent make an issue only of the right of petitioners to the writ of mandamus, claiming that the judgment complained of is not void but at the most only erroneous, that petitioners have complete remedies under the law, that mandamus cannot be maintained in lieu of a writ of error or as a substitute for an appeal, and that the petitioners have failed to show a cler legal right to the issuance of the writ.

Mandamus is a summary, expeditious and drastic common-law writ of an extraordinary character, sometimes referred to as the highest judicial writ known to the law. People ex rel. Koester v. Board of Review of Cook County, 351 Ill. 301, 184 N.E. 325, 85 A.L.R. 1303. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to issue mandamus obtains only in causes involving questions of public right, in which mandamus may be issues as a prerogative writ. People ex rel. Dickinson v. Board of Trade, 193 Ill. 577, 62 N.E. 196. Unless there is no other adequate remedy at law, the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in mandamus does not include causes affecting local public interests or private rights. People ex rel. Kocourek v. City of Chicago, 193 Ill. 507, 62 N.E. 179, 58 L.R.A. 833.

Furthermore, mamdamus can be invoked to expunge a judgment only when the judgment complained of is void for want of jurisdiction either of the subject matter, of the parties, or to enter the order complained of. People ex rel. Las v. Ehler, 353 Ill. 595, 187 N.E. 630; People ex rel. Courtney v. Prystalski, 358 Ill. 198, 192 N.E. 908; People ex rel. Courtney v. Green, 355 Ill. 468, 189 N.E. 500; People ex rel. People's Gas Light & Coke Co. v. Smith, 275 Ill. 210, 113 N.E. 891.

Moreover, although mandamus will lie to compel the performance of ministerial acts of courts, People ex rel. Waber v. Wells, 255 Ill. 450, 99 N.E. 606, mandamus will not lie to direct or modify the exercise of judicial discretion by a judge. People ex rel. Swanson v. Sullivan, 339 Ill. 146, 171 N.E. 122; People ex rel. Briggs & Turivas v. Cook, 311 Ill. 429, 143 N.E. 57; People ex rel. Wonogas v. Holmes, 312 Ill. 284, 143 N.E. 835; People ex rel. Jones v. Chytraus, 183 Ill. 190, 55 N.E. 666; People ex rel. Storey v. Knickerbocker, 114 Ill. 539, 2 N.E. 507; People ex rel. Novotny v. Jarecki, 372 Ill. 208, 23 N.E.2d 60.

In the instant case, no question is raised by the facts as to the judgment or decree complained of being void. No question is raised about the court having jurisdiction of the parties, and by the terms of the School Code itself the court specifically had the authority, power and jurisdiction to affirm or reverse the order of the county court. The question still remains, however, as to whether the circuit court was acting in a ministerial or judicial capacity.

In Board of Education of Waverly Community Unit School Dist. v. Nickell, 410 Ill. 98, 101 N.E.2d 438, this court considered the nature of the function performed by the county court in detaching territory from school districts under the authority contained in 8-6 of the School Code. We there held that, although the location of a school district boundary is not a judicial function but clearly a legislative or ministerial function, it still did not follow that jurisdiction thereof may not be conferred upon county courts. This court then concluded that article III of the constitution, S.H.A., does not prevent conferring jurisdiction upon the county courts in such matters because of the language contained in section 18 of acticle VI of the constitution.

It does not necessarily follow from our decision in the Waverly case that the circuit court, in passing upon and reviewing the decision of a county court under authority conferred by section 8-7 of the School Code, was acting in a ministerial capacity. Section 8-7 of the School Code provides that any petitioner or voter who appears at any hearing in county court to oppose the change of boundaries may appeal from the county court's order to the circuit court by filing with the clerk of the county court a written notice of appeal within ten days after final action of the county judge. Within thirty days after such notice of appeal has been filed, the clerk of the county court is required to transmit to the clerk of the circuit court a transcript of the record. Upon receipt thereof, the clerk of the circuit court is required to file it and cause it to be docketed, and 'the Circuit Court shall thereupon consider and review the matter on the transcript and upon written or printed arguments filed by attorneys, if any, prior to the date of the hearing, and within a reasonable time shall reverse or affirm the decision of the County Court and the action of the Circuit Court shall be final.' This language clearly grants the circuit court power and authority to merely affirm or reverse the decision of the county court, after reviewing the record and proceedings before the county court and determining whether the county court has acted in accordance with the authority granted by the legislature. The inquiry before the circuit court is not what territory shall or shall not be included within the corporate limits of a school district but, on the contrary, the inquiry is whether the record of the county court proceedings shows a compliance with, or a violation of, the existing law and procedure prescribed by the School Code for detachment of territory from a school district by the county court. It is the order of the county court which detaches or annexes territory to a school district and changes the school boundaries thereby. That act is the performance of the legislative or ministerial function. The proceeding for review thereof is analogous to that of a court reviewing by writ of certiorari the proceedings before an administrative or quasi judicial body. We conclude that the circuit court, in acting under section 8-7 of the Illinois School Code is performing a judicial rather than a legislative function.

This court has uniformly held that when a statute is under attack and open to a dual construction, we will adopt the one that sustains its validity. People ex rel. Barrett v. Thillens, 400 Ill. 224, 79 N.E.2d 609; Progressive Party v. Flynn, 400 Ill. 102, 79 N.E.2d 516; People ex rel. BeBoer v. Geary, 323 Ill.App. 32, 54 N.E.2d 840; Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co. v. Slattery, 373 Ill. 31, 25 N.E.2d 482; People v. Robinson, 372 Ill. 503, 24 N.E.2d 376. To hold that section 8-7 of the School Code imposed a ministerial or legislative function on the circuit court would necessarily force a conclusion that the act was void and unconstitutional.

Section 18 of article VI of the constitution, on which the constitutionality of section 8-6 of the School Code turned in the Waverly case, is substantially different in its terms from section 12 of article VI of the constitution on which rests the jurisdiction of circuit courts...