People v. Sabin

• Decision Date: 16 May 1997
• Docket Number: Docket No. 187226
• Citation: 566 N.W.2d 677,223 Mich.App. 530
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Arthur SABIN, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 677

566 N.W.2d 677

223 Mich.App. 530

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Arthur SABIN, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 187226.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Jan. 22, 1997, at Lansing.

Decided May 16, 1997, at 9:20 a.m.

Released for Publication Aug. 6, 1997.

Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, James L. Gregart, Prosecuting Attorney, and Judith B. Ketchum, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for People.

Martin J. Beres, St. Clair Shores, for Defendant-Appellant on appeal.

Before RICHARD ALLEN GRIFFIN, P.J., and McDONALD and C.W. JOHNSON ^*, JJ.

RICHARD ALLEN GRIFFIN, Presiding Judge.

Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of first-degree criminal sexual conduct, M.C.L. § 750.520b(1)(b); M.S.A. § 28.788(2)(1)(b), and sentenced as an habitual offender, second offense, M.C.L. § 769.10; M.S.A. § 28.1082, to life imprisonment. He appeals as of right. We reverse and remand for a new trial. For the reasons stated in sections II, III, and IV, we hold that defendant was denied his right to a fair trial.

I

Defendant first contends that he was denied due process of law because the felony information failed to list a specific offense date. However, defendant neither objected to the information nor moved for its amendment before the trial court. Therefore, the issue is unpreserved and we review it only for the existence of manifest injustice. M.C.L. § 767.76; M.S.A. § 28.1016; People v. Yarger, 193 Mich.App. 532, 536, 485 N.W.2d 119 (1992); People v. Covington, 132 Mich.App. 79, 86, 346 N.W.2d 903 (1984).

"An information need only state the time of an offense 'as near as may be.' M.C.L. § 767.45(2); M.S.A. § 28.985(2) [now M.C.L. 767.45(1)(b); M.S.A. § 28.985(1)(b) ]." People v. Naugle, 152 Mich.App. 227, 233, 393 N.W.2d 592 (1986). In determining whether the failure to pinpoint the date of the offense denied defendant due process of law, we consider: "(1) the nature of the crime charged; (2) the victim's ability to specify a date; (3) the prosecutor's efforts to pinpoint a date; and (4) the prejudice to the defendant in preparing a defense." Id. at 233-234, 393 N.W.2d 592. Temporal variances are not fatal unless time is of the essence of the offense. People v. Stricklin, 162 Mich.App. 623, 634, 413 N.W.2d 457 (1987). In criminal sexual conduct cases, especially those involving children, time is not usually of the essence or a material element. Id.

In the present case, the prosecutor diligently attempted to pinpoint the date of the alleged criminal sexual conduct. However, the youthful victim could not recall the specific offense date. The record does not sustain defendant's claim that the time of the offense was essential to the alleged crime. Thus, defendant has not established that he was prejudiced by the prosecution's failure to establish an exact offense date. Under these circumstances, we conclude that the prosecution's failure to specify the exact offense date does not constitute manifest injustice.

II

Next, defendant claims that the trial court denied him a fair trial by overruling his objection to testimony that he allegedly had committed uncharged acts of sexual misconduct against a stepdaughter. We agree. In accordance with People v. VanderVliet, 444 Mich. 52, 74-75, 508 N.W.2d 114 (1993), evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is admissible pursuant to MRE 404(b) if such evidence is (1) offered for a proper purpose rather than to prove the defendant's character or propensity to commit the crime, (2) relevant to an issue or fact of consequence at trial, and (3) sufficiently probative to prevail under the balancing test of MRE 403. MRE 404(b) is consistent with an inclusionary, not exclusionary, theory of admissibility. VanderVliet, supra at 64-65, 508 N.W.2d 114.

In People v. DerMartzex, 390 Mich. 410, 213 N.W.2d 97 (1973), the Supreme Court held that evidence of other sexual acts between a defendant and his victim may be admissible if the defendant and the victim live in the same household and if, without such evidence, the victim's testimony would seem incredible. ¹ See also People v. Puroll, 195 Mich.App. 170, 171, 489 N.W.2d 159 (1992); People v. Dreyer, 177 Mich.App. 735, 737-738, 442 N.W.2d 764 (1989). However, in People v. Jones, 417 Mich. 285, 335 N.W.2d 465 (1983), the Court declined to extend DerMartzex to sexual acts between a defendant and household members other than the complainant. In refusing to extend the DerMartzex rationale, our Supreme Court stated:

In People v. Coston, 187 Mich. 538, 546, 153 N.W. 831 (1915), ... we rejected as "untenable" the argument that the complainant's sister could testify to an act of sexual intercourse between her and the defendant. In People v. Dean, 253 Mich. 434, 435, 235 N.W. 211 (1931), we distinguished between "previous acts of misconduct between the same parties" and the defendant's similar acts with others. We believe this distinction is sound. [Jones, supra at 289, 335 N.W.2d 465.]

See also People v. Engelman, 434 Mich. 204, 222, 453 N.W.2d 656 (1990); People v. Ross, 145 Mich.App. 483, 488, 378 N.W.2d 517 (1985).

In the present case, the victim testified that when she was thirteen and home from school, her father (defendant) took off his shirt, locked the door, unplugged the telephone, held her down, and forcibly inserted his penis into her vagina for approximately ten minutes. The victim testified that defendant told her that, if she told anyone about this incident, her mother would be angry at her for breaking up the family again. Thereafter, over defendant's objection, defendant's stepdaughter testified that defendant performed acts of oral sex on her from the time she was six years old until the time she turned fourteen. This witness testified that defendant told her that he would get in trouble and the family would break up if she told anyone about the sexual abuse. These prior alleged acts of abuse ended more than ten years before the trial and did not result in a charge or conviction.

The trial court admitted the testimony concerning these other acts on the basis that "the evidence tends to show that the defendant has committed other wrongful acts involving a child, or a juvenile, who was a member of the same household, which is the exact situation we have in the allegations of this trial." We read the trial court's ruling as allowing the admission of this evidence for the purpose of establishing defendant's propensity to sexually abuse his children.

In Jones, supra, our Supreme Court reversed the defendant's conviction on the ground that error requiring reversal occurred as a result of the erroneous admission of testimony of the victim's sister concerning other acts. This evidence was held to be inadmissible for the purposes of bolstering the victim's credibility or overcoming the natural aversion the jury may have to believing that a father could sexually molest his own daughters.

In the present case, because evidence of other acts is not admissible to prove defendant's propensity to commit the crime, MRE 404(b); VanderVliet, supra; People v. Ullah, 216 Mich.App. 669, 550 N.W.2d 568 (1996), evidence of defendant's alleged prior incestuous pedophilia involving a stepdaughter, without more, may not be used to establish the likelihood that defendant sexually abused the complainant. Jones, supra; People v. Starr, 217 Mich.App. 646, 553 N.W.2d 25 (1996).

We are not persuaded by the prosecutor's argument that the other-acts evidence was admissible to prove defendant's common scheme, plan, or system. Typically, common-scheme evidence is admissible only where the defendant commits a series of crimes in a unique, regular, or regimented manner. See, e.g., People v. Lee, 212 Mich.App. 228, 245-246, 537 N.W.2d 233 (1995); People v. Miller (On Remand), 186 Mich.App. 660, 664, 465 N.W.2d 47 (1991). In the present case, the only similarity in the conduct involved in the alleged incidents was that defendant told each alleged victim that telling anyone about the incident(s) would break up the family. There is little physical similarity between the repeated acts of oral molestation described by the victim's stepsister and the violent, forcible vaginal rape alleged by the victim. Nor does the testimony indicate that defendant committed the acts in the same room or had some unique, consistent pattern or scheme in approaching, overcoming, or treating his victims. Compare id. Defendant's alleged threat to each alleged victim not to tell or risk breaking up the family is relatively common in incestuous relationships. Additionally, the prejudicial effect of this other-acts testimony greatly outweighed its probative value to prove anything other than defendant's propensity to sexually abuse his daughters. MRE 403; Starr, supra; Ullah, supra at 673-675, 550 N.W.2d 568.

III

Defendant also argues that the trial court committed error requiring reversal by overruling his objection to testimony that implied that defendant was on parole at the time of the alleged offense. Again, we agree.

MRE 403 provides: "[a]lthough relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence." See also People v. Adair, 452 Mich. 473, 481, 550 N.W.2d 505 (1996); VanderVliet, supra at 75, 508 N.W.2d 114. In Sclafani v. Peter S Cusimano, Inc., 130 Mich.App. 728, 735-736, 344 N.W.2d 347 (1983), this Court defined "unfair prejudice":

"Unfair prejudice" does not mean "damaging." Bradbury v. Ford Motor Co., 123 Mich.App. 179, 185, 333 N.W.2d 214 (1983). Any relevant testimony will be damaging to some extent. We believe that the notion of "unfair prejudice" encompasses two concepts. First, the idea of prejudice denotes a situation in which there exists a danger that marginally...