STATE EX REL. PODDAR v. Lee

• Decision Date: 27 October 2004
• Citation: 100 P.3d 747,196 Or. App. 34
• Parties: STATE ex rel Bhagwati P. PODDAR, Philip N. Tussing, W.T. Ballard and Saradell Poddar, Appellants, v. Richard LEE, Helen Westbrook and Lylla Gaebel, Respondents.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

100 P.3d 747

196 Or. App. 34

STATE ex rel Bhagwati P. PODDAR, Philip N. Tussing, W.T. Ballard and Saradell Poddar, Appellants, v. Richard LEE, Helen Westbrook and Lylla Gaebel, Respondents.

03-2039; A121990.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Submitted on Record and Briefs August 6, 2004.

Decided October 27, 2004.

Bhagwati P. Poddar, Philip N. Tussing, W.T. Ballard, and Saradell Poddar filed the briefs pro se.

Blair J. Henningsgaard, Astoria, filed the brief for respondents.

Before LANDAU, Presiding Judge, and ARMSTRONG and BREWER, Judges.

ARMSTRONG, J.

Plaintiffs appeal the trial court's dismissal of their action to remove defendants from their offices as Clatsop County Commissioners. We affirm the trial court on the merits, but we reverse the award of attorney fees under ORS 258.046.¹

The material facts are undisputed. In 2001, the voters of Clatsop County approved a revision to the county charter that modified the manner in which county commissioners are elected. Before the revision, candidates for the Board of County Commissioners were nominated for the general election ballot by petition and the candidate for each district who received the highest number of votes in the November election won the election. The revision substituted a nominating election to be held in May. The two top vote-getters in May in each district would face each other in November; however, if one candidate received more than 50 percent of the May vote, his or her name would be the sole name on the November ballot. Defendants were elected to their offices through the new nominating election procedure in 2002.

Plaintiffs style this action as "in the nature of quo warranto" under ORS 30.510,² seeking to remove defendants from their offices because, as plaintiffs see it, the 2001 revision to the Clatsop County Charter was unlawful. Plaintiffs' theory is that the charter is not subject to revision. Defendants moved to dismiss on several grounds, including that plaintiffs failed to state a claim and that the action, properly understood, is really an untimely contest to defendants' election under ORS 258.016. Defendants requested attorney fees under ORS 258.046.

The trial court first concluded that the Clatsop County Charter was lawfully revised. Then, the trial court determined that plaintiffs' action was an untimely election challenge and awarded defendants attorney fees under ORS 258.046. Plaintiffs appeal, assigning error to the trial court's dismissal of their action and its award of attorney fees. We affirm the ruling that the Clatsop County Charter was lawfully revised in 2001 without discussion. However, we reverse the trial court's award of attorney fees to defendants.

An action under ORS 258.016 is the exclusive method to contest election results. See Bagley v. Beaverton School District, 12 Or.App. 377, 382, 507 P.2d 39 (1973)

("The right to judicially contest an election did not exist at common law, and is a purely statutory creature. The court's power and procedure are governed by `the statute alone.'") (quoting Bradburn v. Wasco County, 55 Or. 539, 541, 106 P. 1018 (1910)). It must be filed within 40 days of the election. ORS 258.036. However, an action under ORS 30.510—the statutory equivalent of a quo warranto proceeding—is the exclusive method to challenge someone's claim to public office. State ex rel Boe v. Straub, 282 Or. 387, 392, 578 P.2d 1247 (1978) ("[T]he exclusive remedy to decide whether one purporting to act as a public officer is holding office lawfully is a proceeding brought in accordance with ORS 30.510."); State ex rel Madden v. Crawford, 207 Or. 76, 81, 295 P.2d 174 (1956) (holding that the statute is the exclusive "remedy or proceeding by which is determined the legality of a claim which a party asserts to the use or exercise of an office or franchise and ousts the holder from its enjoyment, if the claim is not well founded").

The ultimate question in this case is whether plaintiffs are contesting the results of the 2002 election or challenging defendants' lawful title to their offices.³ If it is an election contest, then the trial court acted beyond its authority in ruling on the merits (because plaintiffs filed the action more than 40 days after the election), but it correctly awarded attorney fees to defendants. ORS 258.046. If the action is an action under ORS 30.510, then the trial court acted within its authority when it ruled on the merits. For the reasons that follow, plaintiffs' action is properly understood as an action under ORS 30.510.⁴

The heart of plaintiffs' argument is that defendants' claim to their offices as county commissioners is flawed insofar as it relies on the 2001 revision of the Clatsop County Charter. Properly understood, plaintiffs' argument is that, because the 2001 Clatsop County Charter revision was unlawful, anyone purporting to hold office under that statute exercises authority unlawfully. That argument is analogous to two arguments commonly raised in ORS 30.510 actions: (1) the defendants obtained their offices by the wrong process and (2) the organic document purporting to give them power is invalid. See, e.g., State ex rel Kirsch v. Curnutt, 317 Or. 92, 95, 853 P.2d 1312 (1993)

(action to oust directors of county emergency services district on ground that district was invalidly formed); State ex rel Eckles v. Woolley, 302 Or. 37, 39, 726 P.2d 918 (1986) (action to oust directors of State Accident Insurance Fund Corporation on ground that corporation was invalidly formed); State ex rel Boe,

282 Or. at 392,

578 P.2d 1247 (holding that an action to oust appointed member of the Board of Examiners of Nursing Home Administrators from office on ground that he was not confirmed by Senate must be brought under ORS 30.510); State ex rel Madden,

207 Or. at 78,

295 P.2d 174 (action challenging the manner in which the defendant acquired seat on Oregon Supreme Court); State ex rel. v. School District No. 23, 179 Or. 441, 443, 172 P.2d 655 (1946) (action seeking to enjoin the defendants from exercising authority over school district on the ground that the school district was invalidly formed); State ex rel Adams v. Powell, 171 Or.App. 81, 84, 15 P.3d. 54 (2000),

rev. dismissed, 334 Or. 693, 56 P.3d 405 (2002) (action to oust port commissioner from office to which he had been reappointed by governor on ground that his reappointment had been rejected by the Senate).

In contrast, none of plaintiffs' arguments falls within the scope of ORS 258.016. Defendants admit as much with their argument that plaintiffs' complaint fails to state a claim under ORS 258.016. Plaintiffs could not state a claim under ORS 258.016 for the simple reason that this is not an election contest. Plaintiffs argue that defendants' election itself was unlawful from its inception, not that the process or results are unlawful.

The election contest statute, ORS 258.016, provides:

"The nomination or election of any person or the decision on any measure may be contested * * * only for the following causes:

"(1) Deliberate and material violation of any provision of the election laws in connection with the nomination, election, approval or rejection.

"(2) Ineligibility of the person elected to the office to hold the office at the time of the election.

"(3) Illegal votes.

"(4) Mistake or fraud in the canvass of votes.

"(5) Fraud in the count of votes.

"(6) Nondeliberate and material error in the distribution of the official ballots by a local elections official * * *.

"(7) A challenge to the determination of the number of electors who were eligible to participate in an election on a measure conducted under section 11(8), Article XI of the Oregon Constitution."

Plaintiffs' argument that defendants' claim to public office is based on an unlawful revision to the county charter does not fit within the terms of that statute.

Defendants rely on three cases in which the court recast a plaintiff's action as an election contest to support their argument that the trial court correctly did so here. But in each of those cases, despite the manner in which the plaintiffs styled their actions, their arguments fit within the terms of the election contest statute, and therefore those cases are distinguishable. See Cook v. Hill et al, 224 Or. 565, 569, 356 P.2d 1067 (1960)

(plaintiff purported to bring action under statute providing special election contest proceedings for irrigation districts; court recast as challenge under general election contest proceedings because election irrigation district statute did not apply and plaintiff alleged violations of election laws and illegal votes); Lane Education Service Dist. v. Swanson, 71 Or.App. 328, 336, 692 P.2d 622 (1984) (plaintiff purported to bring declaratory judgment action; court recast as challenge under election contest statute because plaintiff challenged defendant's eligibility for office and election contest statute is exclusive); Stork v. Columbia River P.U.D., 58 Or.App. 51, 55, 646 P.2d 1372,

rev. den., 293 Or. 634, 652 P.2d 810 (1982) (plaintiffs purported to bring action under both...