State v. Aumann
Decision Date | 19 April 1978 |
Docket Number | No. 59509,59509 |
Citation | 265 N.W.2d 316 |
Parties | STATE of Iowa, Appellee, v. Paul Frank AUMANN, Appellant. |
Court | Iowa Supreme Court |
Robert A. Engberg of Pryor, Riley, Jones & Aspelmeier, Burlington, for appellant.
Richard C. Turner, Atty. Gen., Thomas Evans, Asst. Atty. Gen., Steven S. Hoth, County Atty., for appellee.
Considered en banc.
Paul Frank Aumann (defendant) was convicted of robbery with aggravation in violation of §§ 711.1 and 711.2, The Code. 1 His counsel, without defendant's permission and against defendant's wishes, has brought this appeal contending § 783.2, The Code, is unconstitutional in placing on defendant the burden of persuasion to show his unfitness to stand trial. Because of defendant's personal unwillingness to pursue the appeal the State moved for its dismissal. We ordered this motion submitted with the appeal. We hold defendant's counsel acted properly in bringing this appeal, even though against the wishes of his client. We find § 783.2 does not offend due process. Accordingly we affirm the trial court.
The undisputed facts which gave rise to this prosecution follow a pattern familiar in defendant's past. In his brief and argument defendant's counsel explains:
Defendant's counsel gives the following explanation of the circumstances giving rise to this prosecution:
Following a psychiatric evaluation the trial court determined there was a reasonable doubt as to defendant's sanity. A competency trial was ordered pursuant to chapter 783, The Code. 2
At the competency trial conflicting testimony of psychiatrists was introduced. The defense offered the opinion of a psychiatrist who believed defendant did not understand the charge and was unable effectively to aid in his defense. A state psychiatrist offered a contrary opinion. Defendant himself testified he understood the charge against him, could talk about it with his attorney, and realized the consequences of a conviction. The trial court thereafter submitted the question of defendant's sanity to the jury by instructions which placed upon defendant the burden to prove his insanity and incompetence by a preponderance of the evidence. Such a burden is required by § 783.2, The Code. 3
Defendant's counsel objected to the instructions insofar as they placed the burden of proof upon defendant. After the jury returned its verdict finding defendant competent to stand trial defendant attempted an appeal to this court. That appeal was dismissed because it was not from a final judgment. State v. Aumann, 236 N.W.2d 320 (Iowa 1975).
At a later trial defendant was tried and convicted of robbery with aggravation. He thereafter was sentenced and his counsel brought this appeal. Defendant's refusal to appeal was in accordance with his previously described desire for incarceration.
I. We consider first the State's motion to dismiss this appeal by reason of defendant's unwillingness to take it. We overrule the motion.
If defense counsel is allowed to pursue this appeal the only assignment of error will relate to defendant's competency. And, if defendant is in fact incompetent, his unwillingness to appeal might well derive from his lack of competence. Thus an irrational veto of the appeal by an incompetent accused might preclude any review of the incompetence.
The situation falls outside the rule which usually gives defendants, rather than their attorneys, the choice of whether an appeal should be taken. The general rule in Iowa and elsewhere is that, in the absence of the consent of his client, an attorney has no authority to institute or maintain an appeal from a judgment against the client. Motor Club of Iowa v. Depart. of Transp., 251 N.W.2d 510, 513 (Iowa 1977); State v. Schmidt, 259 Iowa 972, 982, 145 N.W.2d 631, 637 (1966), cert. denied, 386 U.S. 965, 87 S.Ct. 1046, 18 L.Ed.2d 115 (1967); State v. Lundstedt, 246 Iowa 355, 356, 67 N.W.2d 450 (1954); Garberson v. Garberson, 241 Iowa 713, 714, 42 N.W.2d 391 (1950); Tetzloff v. May, 186 Iowa 520, 524, 172 N.W. 446, 447 (1919); and Gresham v. Chantry, 69 Iowa 728, 733, 27 N.W. 752, 754 (1886).
However where the client is thought to be incompetent an especially heavy and delicate responsibility falls upon his lawyer. A guide for the lawyer, in discharging his professional responsibilities, in such circumstances is spelled in ethical consideration 7-12 Code of Professional Responsibility:
We believe the facts shown in the instant case amount to a disability of a client and lack of a legal representative under EC 7-12 which rendered it imperative for defendant's counsel to make the appeal decision for defendant. The determination of defendant's counsel to pursue this appeal against what may well have been the misguided wishes of defendant was eminently proper. Indeed, we find counsel's lonely defense of the rights of his client commendable.
II. Defendant initially contended, in separate assignments of error, that § 783.2 offended due process clauses of both the state and federal constitutions. However, he now expressly concedes the challenge under the United States Constitution cannot be sustained because of Rivera v. Delaware, 429 U.S. 877, 97 S.Ct. 226, 50 L.Ed.2d 160 (1976). Defendant expressly withdrew his claim under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution and we give it no further consideration.
Defendant continues to claim § 783.2 offends the due process clause of Art. I, § 9 of the Iowa Constitution and its related rights under Art. I, § 10 of the Iowa Constitution. Defendant's claim is that the statute is unconstitutional in placing on him the burden of persuasion to show his unfitness to stand trial.
In a line of recent cases we have changed various rules which formerly placed on criminal defendant's the burden of persuasion to show matters recognized as indicating a lack of specific intent. In State v. Templeton, 258 N.W.2d 380, 383 (Iowa 1977) we held for the first time a defendant who relies on evidence of intoxication no longer has the burden to prove the intoxication caused him to lack a specific intent.
Templeton was in line with previous holdings we traced in our opinion:
...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
People v. Medina
...509 (separate conc. opns. of Markus, J., and Nahra, J.); Wallace v. State (1981) 248 Ga. 255, 282 S.E.2d 325, 330; State v. Aumann (Iowa 1978) 265 N.W.2d 316, 319-320.) While not all of the cases in the majority line are explicitly based on constitutional principles, a substantial number of......
-
People v. Ary
...1988) 757 S.W.2d 359, 362-363; State v. Chapman (1986) 104 N.M. 324 ; Wallace v. State (1981) 248 Ga. 255 ; State v. Aumann (Iowa 1978) 265 N.W.2d 316, 319-320. 12. See, e.g., State v. Jones (S.D. 1987) 406 N.W.2d 366, 367-370; Diaz v. State (Del. 1986) 508 A.2d 861, 863-864; Commonwealth v......
-
Medina v. California
...248 Ga. 255, 258-259, 282 S.E.2d 325, 330 (1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 927, 102 S.Ct. 1291, 71 L.Ed.2d 471 (1982); State v. Aumann, 265 N.W.2d 316, 319-320 (Iowa 1978); State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327-328, 721 P.2d 392, 395-396 (1986); Barber v. State, 757 S.W.2d 359, 362-363 (Tex.Cri......
-
People v. DelRio
...Wallace v. State, 248 Ga. 255, 258-259, 282 S.E.2d 325, 330, cert. denied 455 U.S. 927, 102 S.Ct. 1291, 71 L.Ed.2d 471; State v. Aumann, 265 N.W.2d 316, 319-320; State v. Caudill, 789 S.W.2d 213; French v. State, 95 Nev. 586, 600 P.2d 218; State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327-328, 721 P.2d 3......